Omnivore

After having read part I of Michael Pollen's book these chapters give us a view of the beginning of the step by step process of food from the farmlands to the dinner table. Instead of the question â€Å"What's for dinner? â€Å", it would seem more like â€Å"What's in the dinner? â€Å". Pollen takes us on a Journey through the fields in Iowa and concludes with a trip to analyze meal he shared with his family at a local McDonald's.He allows us to take a look inside of the process by which corn is used in a numbers of ways corn is used other that as a food source. By the end of part l, there is a better understanding of how corn can be used as not only a food source, but as fuel, sweetener, alcohol, as well as a chemical for explosive devices. Pollen visits a farm in Iowa and gives a very detailed view on the process by which corn is farm through the fields, processed through the grain elevator plant not far from the corn fields.He also explains the introduction to the topic of i ndustrial corn and its origins some hundreds of thousands of years ago. Pollen goes on to explain how farmers must increase the amount of corn that is planted in order survive money loss in the process, guaranteeing a harvest for the following year. In addition to his view of the process by which corn is harvested and processed for use other that food, Pollen pays a visit to Pokey Feeders cattle farm in Kansas where the cows are feed processed corn to help them become larger.The fiestas of these animals is cut short because they are now being feed a food that naturally is not a part of their nature (grass). To prevent them from getting sick, the cows are being given antibiotics that are eventually passed onto the meat that is consumed by the buyer. The increased demand for the meats of these animals has led farmers to mass breed cows at an alarming rate, placing consumers at risk for the threat of disease ( E. Coli 01 57:HE). Pollen's description of fast food was definitely a shocke r.He talks about all the synthetic food additives that put into fast food the give hem their color, texture and taste. It is scary to imagine that so many chemicals (Ex. TPTB) can be used to make something that so many people find tasty. When a McDonald meal is broken down, it seems almost unheard of that anyone would eat this separate on its own. Pollen voices his concern on how so much energy is wasted on creating these meals, the tens of thousands of corn calories being consumed that could have been used for other food purposes to feed so many hungry people. The first part of this book was definitely an eye-opener.Pollen's book allows us to take a second look at the way a lot of people get their food. We are given a better idea on how food is grown in its natural state, the industrial process by which food is treated with chemicals, how these chemicals may become a part of the product itself to stimulate growth, and how this chemicals may eventually find their way to our dinner p lates. After reading this first part, this book can make anyone want to diversify their diet by eating more game meat, growing their own food and living off of the land. Wouldn't that be great?

Attitudes Toward Seeking Mental Health Essay

Abstract According to the World Health Organisation an estimated 200 million people globally are affected by serious mental health problems, however, research evidence indicates that only around one-third of those experiencing mental health difficulties actually seek treatment. A number of psycho-social and demographic factors have been found to explain variation in attitudes towards, and intentions to, seek psychological help. This study sought to examine the association between attitudes towards seeking mental health services and intentions to engage in psychological counselling. The sample for the current study consisted of 331 active and retired members of the national police force of the Republic of Ireland. It was predicted that psychological openness, help-seeking propensity, and indifference to stigma would all positively predict intentions to participate in psychological counselling, after controlling for age, gender and personality factors. The results showed that Finish Abstract Introduction According to the World Health Organisation an estimated 200 million people globally are affected by serious mental health problems (Mollica, 2000). Available data, however, suggests that only around one-third of those experiencing mental health difficulties actually make treatment contact (Kessler et al., 2009). This is of concern not only because of the deleterious impact on individual’s lives, but also because of the associated economic and societal costs of untreated mental health problems (Kessler et al., 2009). A number of psycho-social and demographic factors have been found to explain variation in attitudes towards, and intentions to, seek psychological help (e.g., Bartels, 2003; Segal, Coolidge, Mincic, & O’Riley, 2005; Vogel, Wester, Wei, & Boysen, 2005). How favourable and effective one believes psychological counselling to be, one’s own belief in their capacity to engage in counselling, and perceptions of subsequent social rejection  following counse lling attendance, have been identified as particularly influential (e.g., Hyland, McLaughlin, Boduszek, & Prentice, 2012; Vogel & Wester, 2003). Research also suggests that females may be significantly more likely than males to hold favourable attitudes towards utilising mental health services (e.g., Chandra & Minkovitz 2006; Raunic & Xenos, 2008), although some studies have shown that males and females do not differ in their attitudes or intentions towards the utilisation of mental health services (e.g., Kelly & Achter, 1995; Vogel & Wester, 2003). Additionally, personality factors have been suggested to impact upon individuals’ help-seeking attitudes and intentions. Jagdeo, Cox, Stein, and Sareen (2009) found that antisocial personality disorder was associated with greater negative attitudes towards help-seeking using data from the US National Comorbidity Survey (NCS) (n = 5877) and the Ontario Health Survey (OHS) (n = 6902). Given the disparity between mental health service needs and service utilization a more comprehensive understanding of the factors involved in counselling-seeking behaviour is required. The Inventory of Attitudes toward Seeking Mental Health Services (IASMHS; Mackenzie, Knox, Gekoski, & Macaulay, 2004) is a 24-item scale designed to assess the attitudinal factors that influence the seeking of mental health services. This scale was developed based upon Fisher and Turner’s (1970) Attitudes toward Seeking Professional Psychological Help Scale. The scale was developed with a clear theoretical foundation, and its increasing use in research (James & Buttle, 2008; Loya, Reddy, & Hinshaw, 2010; Mackenzie, Gekoski, & Knox, 2006; Mojaverian, Hashimoto, & Kim, 2012; Floersch et al., 2009). The IASMHS initially included 41-items, however the results an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) using maximum likelihood estimation among a sample of 208 adult volunteers (Mackenzie et al., 2004) reduced the number of items in the scale to 24. Results indicated that the 24-item scale could be explained in terms of three correlated factors, which accounted for 43% of variance: (a) Psychological Openness (the degree to which an individual is open to acknowledging the presence of a psychological problem and to seek professional care for such a problem), (b) Help-Seeking Propensity (one’s willingness and perceived ability to seek help for psychological problems), and (c) Indifference to Stigma (how concerned an individual would feel were significant others to discover that they were receiving psychological care).  Internal consistency coefficients for the IASMHS subscales were reported to be good with Cronbach’s alphas of .82 (psychological openness), .76 (help-seeking propensity), and .79 (indifference to stigma). Factor correlations were moderate with r values ranging from .37 to .47. In the same paper, using an independent sample of 293 undergraduate university students and employing confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) techniques, Mackenzie and colleagues (2004) reported that they replicated the three-factor solution indicated by the EFA. Model fit was acceptable and factor correlations ranged from r = .26 to .43. The current study aims to assess the degree to which intentions to participate in psychological counselling can be predicted by attitudes towards seeking mental health services. Specifically, it was predicted that psychological openness, help-seeking propensity, and indifference to stigma would all positively predict intentions to participate in psychological counselling, after controlling for age, gender and personality factors. Method Participants The sample for the current study consisted of 331 (Males: n = 202; Females: n = 129) active and retired members of the national police force of the Republic of Ireland. Of the officers recruited, 302 (91%) were currently serving members of the Irish police force, while 29 (9%) were retired. Participants ranged in age from 20 to 77 years, with an average age of 28.41 years (SD = 8.63). Just under half the sample of officers were stationed in rural areas (45%, n = 149), 41% were stationed in suburban areas (n = 136), and 14% were stationed in urban areas (n = 46). The majority of officers who participated in this study were recent entrants into the police service with 63% of respondents indicating that they had been serving for two years or less (n = 209). Approximately half were married (48%, n = 159), while the remaining participants either resided with parents (27%, n = 89), lived with other family members (3%, n = 10), or lived alone (22%, n = 73). Procedure The majority of study participants were recruited during a training seminar (n = 259), while the remaining officers were recruited via formal written requests (n = 72). Appropriate authorization was granted from the relevant  officials to carry out the study. In total, 532 members were approached to complete the research questionnaire, and 365 volunteered their participation (68%). However due to overwhelming missing data in 34 returned surveys only 331 responses were retained for the final analysis (62%). Participants were required to complete an anonymous self-report, paper-and-pencil questionnaire booklet which included an instruction sheet and a consent form attached to the front of the booklet. Participants were assured about confidentiality and informed that their participation was voluntary. Completed questionnaires were returned by the participants to their superior officer in sealed envelopes, and were subsequently returned to the principal investigator. Measures The Inventory of Attitudes toward Seeking Mental Health Services (IASMHS: Mackenzie et al., 2004) is a 24-item scale designed to measure an individual’s attitudes towards seeking mental health services. The IASMHS was developed in order to measure three factors labeled (a) Psychological openness, (b) Help-seeking propensity, and (c) Indifference to stigma. Psychological openness reflects the degree to which an individual is open to acknowledging the presence of a psychological problem and to seek professional care for such a problem. Help-seeking propensity reflects one’s willingness and perceived ability to seek help for psychological problems. Indifference to stigma refers to how concerned an individual would feel if significant others were to discover that they were receiving psychological care. Each factor is proposed to be measured via 8 items and each item is measured using a five point Likert-scale ranging from 0 (â€Å"disagree†) to 4 (â€Å"agree† ). Intentions to Participate in Psychological Counselling: Intentions were measured as part of a larger questionnaire designed to measure the various constructs of the Theory of Planned Behavior (Ajzen, 1991). This questionnaire was constructed according to the guidelines set forth by Ajzen (1991, 2002). The questionnaire was based upon a fictitious scenario which included the four elements of time, context, action, and target, as proposed by Ajzen and Fishbein (1977). The scenario describes an event that took place six weeks previously in which an individual witnesses a severe road  traffic accident. In the intervening six weeks this individual begins to experience significant personality changes. The individual is reported to now experience prolonged periods of extreme sadness, lack of energy, distressing thoughts related to the traumatic event, reduced interest in normally pleasurable activities, severe panic attacks while outside, and refusal to leave the house even for work. A friend of this individual attends a G.P. about the matter and the G.P. recommends that the described person should attend a professional psychologist for counselling within the next week. An appointment is thus made for next week. Participants in this study are asked to place themselves in the position of this fictitious person and to complete the questions that follow (see Appendix A for the full vignette). Behavioural intentions were measured via three items (Cronbach’s alpha = .77). 1. How likely is it that you would intend to go along to see a professional psychologist for counseling within the next week if you were in Terry’s position? 2. You will try to participate in counseling with a professional psychologist within the next week. 3. You have decided to participate in counseling with a professional psychologist within the next week. Each item was measured along a seven point Likert scale ranging from 1 (extremely unlikely) to 7 (extremely likely) and the scores on the three questions were summed. Higher scores on this scale indicate stronger intentions to engage in counselling.

Political Kuwait before and after oil Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Political Kuwait before and after oil - Essay Example Prior to the discovery of oil in Kuwait, their political structure was that different political classes were indebted to one another. This included the pearl divers, the captains, the merchants, the international merchants, and the ruling family, including the Sheikh. The entire political and governance structure was supported by debt that could not be rapid due to its amount. This, however, changed with discovery of oil as the government began to distribute wealth deliberately among all its recognized citizens. Kuwait also became a welfare state, while money was also funneled into the private sector through land purchases from the government at inflated prices (Slot 106). This worked to wipe out almost all debts owed by citizens. Prior to the discovery of oil, the Sheikh in Kuwait carried out all the executive functions of government, including the arbitration of disputes, using customary rules. Those disputes that he felt were covered under Sharia law were sent to the judges, although this was only to allow him make an informed and just decision (Slot 102). For this reason, it was important that the ruler availed himself to the people through open Majlis that enabled them to present grievances and disputes directly to the ruler. However, with the discovery of oil, government work expanded rapidly to include numerous agencies as required. The machinery of government diversified to include the Supreme Council that was constituted by various heads of government agencies. The Supreme Council became almost like a Politburo in that it reflected sharing of power among individuals linked to the ruling family, while the Amir’s continued absence from its sittings gave it a level of independence despite his con tinued chairmanship. In a further change to political structure away from the centralized figure of the Amir, the Organizing Body was formed to reform government

Managing your personal finance Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Managing your personal finance - Case Study Example Belle is risk-adverse thus holds about$60,000 in savings account which can be used to provide allowances to her parents for 60 months if $1,000 is paid every month; and $110,000 in 1 year fixed-deposit that could be used to cover the outstanding balance on loan which is $605,230. The mortgage is charged at 1.5 percent fixed for 25 years. Her mortgage covers critical illness or permanent disability at premium of $3,359 pa. In the event she passes, the $1,500,000 Term plan and $600,000 critical illness benefits cover Kenji and Karen’s educational requirements. This is because, the total educational expenses are about S$25,000 today and when factoring 6 percent inflation rate in next four years, this amount will be equivalent to S$31,561.92 [that is, 25000x(1+0.06)4]. It is also given in the case that Belle has been advised to keep aside ‘Emergency’ expenses (3 times her monthly gross income or about 4,500,000) that will provide immediate money to her children. In ad dition, the limited-pay whole life plan covering Critical Illness upto $50,000 has cash value $48,750 at premium of $19,500 pa that will give her tax benefits. (b) In the event that Belle passes on without making any formal arrangement (as discussed in (a) above) to pass on her estate, how will her estate then be distributed. Explain with relevant references. Belle has recently discovered lumps on her breast which she suspects could be early signs of breast cancer. As she is risk-adverse, Belle decided to buy Term plan worth $1,500,000 including $600,000 Critical Illness benefits that will benefit her offspring in the event she dies of cancer (critical illness). The plan is covered till age of 99 and she is presently 42 years old and only requires $14,604 outlay per year. Belle is 42 years old and is currently employed as Marketing Director of a multinational corporation that requires frequent travels

Choose a topic Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Choose a topic - Research Paper Example It takes place on every Chaturmas, the twelfth day of the waning moon. During this day, all Jains congregate in temples for devotions. a) New Year Festive- in nations like Sri Lanka and Thailand, the New Year is usually celebrated for about three days from the first full moon in the month of April. In other Mahayana countries, this celebration is held the first full moon of January. b) Vesak- Vesak is held to commemorate the birth and death of Buddha, the enlightened one. It is, thus, the most important event for the Buddhists. The celebrations usually happen during the first full moon of May. Other Buddhism festivals that remember the life of Buddha are the Magha Puja and Asalha Puja Day. a) Oshogatsu- this is the celebration of the closure of the old year and opening of the New Year. During the closure of the year, the people party as they symbolically wash away the misfortunes of the past. They also express their wishful expectations of the New Year. These festivals usually give the members of these religions the opportunity to come together as one family and share their spiritual experiences. Most worshipers usually get spiritual nourishment from these festivals. In Hinduism for instance, the festivals help them divert their attention from the worldly things and concentrate on the spiritual matters. In Shinto, the visiting of the graves helps them make peace with their ancestors and gods. It is during such times that the members of these religions decide to give to the poor in the society and preach peace. As they give back to the community by helping the poor, they create a harmony between the community and religion. During these celebrations, the people usually feast with food and drinks and the outsiders are always invited to take part. Diwali is a good example. Therefore, such celebrations bring the people together and help create peace in a social set

Real estate law- principles of tort Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Real estate law- principles of tort - Coursework Example 2011). The most controversial and contentious area of tort is on the obligation of landowners towards persons who make a trip to their land. In common law, land was divided into the areas below: invitees, licensees and trespassers (Claeys, et al 2013). The invitee owes the uppermost duty of care while the lowermost duty is owed by the trespassers (Fordham, 2014). In the UK, the laws of Torts have greatly assisted to solve conundrums ascribed to to land. Prior to delving into the principles of torts, it is essential to first understand the concept of an occupier’s liability and how it is relevant in the UK. The legislative arm of the UK has passed two laws to determine the responsibility of the occupier (Gathii, James. 2015). The first law tackles concerns or matters regarding a visitor. The second law is ascribed to another person who is not a visitor. Mutually, the Occupiers Liability Acts of 1957 and 1984Â  inflict responsibility on occupiers rather than what it places on landowners (Williams, 2010). Only facts can determine whether a person is an occupier or not. However, it greatly depends on the extent of power exercised. The yardstick that is used is that of occupational control. That is because more than one employee may be occupying the premises. According to Kenny (2015), the Occupiers Liability Act of 1957 enforces responsibility on occupiers with regard to lawful visitors. The Occupiers Liability of 1984 enforces a responsibility on occupiers in view of persons other than a visitor (Oliphant, 2013). This statute highlights that there is no duty to trespassers, except inflicting malicious injury upon them (lawgazette.com.sg). This statute gives the landowner reassurance that he/she owns the land but tries to refrain him from injuring any trespassers that he may encounter. The occupier also has a duty to the invitee; this means that any person who he has given legal access to his land

Classroom Tardiness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Classroom Tardiness - Essay Example It is a relatively common understanding that youths, today, tend to congregate outside of various classrooms to discuss personal elements of their lifestyles which create social connection between the youth groups. However, through this type of discussion and other personal distractions, tardy pupils continue to cause disruption to normal, routine class activities when teachers are forced to deal with tardy pupils and reprimand these students for their inappropriate actions. These delays can take away from quality, group classwork activities. This research proposal offers a study to identify whether teachers themselves, through the use of mobile communications technologies, can reduce tardiness in different classroom environments. This study aims to identify whether through the use of mobile communications technologies, teachers can interact regarding classroom tardiness, thus projecting authoritarianism and unity into the classroom and promoting student adherence to classroom tardiness guidelines. Measure student reactions to routine mobile-to-mobile teacher conversations to measure whether tardiness ratios, through authoritarianism and the mobile device, can be reduced in a typical classroom environment. Weismann and Foerch (2008) offer a unique perspective about educators: Many teachers do not offer students consistent penalties for being late, such as projecting an authoritarian attitude regarding all classroom credits being lost for tardiness. This allows for the leniency to be abused and students simply will not adhere to these rules. It is, again, a relatively common understanding in society that, through proper discipline, children can learn to respect authority and are often intimidated by authoritarian adults. Strict adherence to rules of tardiness would create this rigid atmosphere where actual grades lost become an outcome of disobeying these rules. This would require much more effort on behalf of the teacher. The idea of

Rawls Theory of Justice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Rawls Theory of Justice - Essay Example Furthermore, in the theory of justice Rawls attempts to resolve the utilitarian and deontological approach to ethics by arguing with the Kantian social contract model. However, Rawls recognized that the justice as fairness is based in the Kant's notion of autonomy. Rawls goes further and explain theory of justice as the original position principle where the justice based in the veiled ignorance, according to Rawls "no one knows his place in society his class position or social status" (Rawls, 1999 (ed), p.118). In the theory of justice Rawls support the element of the Kantian social contract philosophy, Rawls does agree with Kant's ideal of cosmopolitan constitution in term of cosmopolitan theory of justice. This essay will answer the question by critically evaluate Rawls' theory in relation to the cosmopolitan theory of justice, first of all I have to evaluate the core elements of Rawls' theory of justice and than I have to analyses these elements with leading to the cosmopolitan justice theory ( Rawls, translated by Michelle kosch 2007). In the theory of justice Rawls consider the liberty and the different principle which it change of the classical model of the social contract by explain the social inequality within a distributive veil of ignorance. Rawls in the veal of ignorance tries to explain that the individual in the society have a system of equality. Accordingly, Rawls says that each person have an equal right to the most general proposal of equal basic liberties compatible with similar rights of liberties of others (Rawls, 1999 (ed) p.53). Moreover, these basic principles are absolute and cannot be violated, an example of these right freedom from arbitrary arrest and the freedom of speech (Rawls, 1999 (ed), p.53). However, Kant's theory of social contract is based by his emphasis of innate morality, Rawls acknowledge difference and social inequality as compatible within the "justice" paradigm. For example in the term of the inequality distribution Rawls says that inequality is only acceptable in the theory of justice under the second principle. This undermines the Kantian ideas of the cosmopolitan system of justice which based in an innate moral propensity towards democracy as a result of the human intellectual independence. In theory of the rationale for being human Kant's suggests that it is the interrelationship between intellectual independence and morality this considers be that is central to concepts of democracy. In this point, there will be social inequality, Rawls goes further to justify this in his theory of justice model on the grounds that the social differences are acceptable if they are the maximum benefits to the least advantaged members of the society (Rawls, 1999, (eds) p.84) . Rawls goes further and suggests that there can be unequal basic rights in proof of fixed natural characteristics. According to Rawls " if say, men are favoured in the assignment of basic rights, this inequality is justified by the difference principle.only if it is to the advantage of women and acceptable from their standpoint"(Rawls, 1999, (eds) (p.85). However, the difference principle makes it clear that Rawls denouncement of the cosmopolitan justice principle, his argument appears to be inherently flawed in effectively sanctioning discrimination on subjective grounds. Furthermore, there is

Origins of World War II Essay Example for Free

Origins of World War II Essay After the end of the First World War, the statesmen of all the major countries felt that such alarming war must anyhow be averted in order to ensure international peace, security and safety. This is why the League of Nations was set up and it was believed that such a ‘multinational’ organization would be able to peacefully settle all international disputes and guarantee peace and security in the international sphere. However, the success or failure of the League actually depended upon the attitude and activity of its members, particularly the Big Powers. But, unfortunately, soon it was found that the major Powers were at cross purposes. They adopted their foreign policy in their own interest and showed little respect to the principles underlying the League of Nations. Particularly, the dream of three allies – Germany, Japan and Italy was fundamentally different from the ideals of the Western Powers and Soviet Russia. The Trio (Germany, Japan and Italy) intended to have some share in the Afro-Asian areas which had already been divided among the Western Powers. Thus, it was really a conflict between two policies – â€Å"status quo† and â€Å"New Order†. Flouting the League The first shock to League of Nations was given by Japan. In 1931 Japan violated the League Covenant and the Kellogg Pact by occupying the Chinese territory of Manchuria and setting up a puppet state there. China appealed to the League which condemned this act of aggression and appointed a commission under Lord Litton to report. But the fulmination of the League had no effect on Japan who, when the commission’s report went against her, withdrew from the League in 1933. The defection of Japan was a serious blow to the League. But worse was to come when Germany had begun secretly rearm to arm as soon as Hitler came into power. But after the failure of the Disarmament Conference, Hitler came into the open. In 1935, he repudiated those clauses of the Treaty of Versailles which had imposed limitations on her armed strength, and reintroduced conscription. In the next year he denounced the Locarno Treaty and re-occupied and refortified those zones of the Rhineland, which had been demilitarized by the Treaty of Versailles. The Great Powers were at cross purposes and so nothing was done to resist Hitler’s insolent violation of the treaty obligations. Italy under Mussolini pursued an imperial policy and in 1935 made an unprovoked attack upon Abyssinia, a member of the League. The emperor of Abyssinia, Haile Selassie, appealed to the League against the act of wanton aggression. The League declared Italy to be the aggressor and recommended the application of economic sanctions. The Italian campaign was short, swift and brutal. After some resistance Haile Selassie fled abroad and his capital Addis Ababa was occupied by Italian troops. The King of Italy was proclaimed Emperor of Abyssinia. Italy withdrew from the League of Nations in 1936. Foreign Policies and International Relations When Hitler came to power he was pledge to recover for Germany the position of power and importance which she had held before the First World War. He envisaged the formation of a ‘Third Reich’ or empire which would include all Germans in a new or greater German state. This involved the ultimate absorption of Germans in a new or greater German state. This involved the ultimate absorption of German-populated regions of Austria, Czechoslovakia and Poland. The dictated treated treaty which Germany had been forced to accept stood in the way of realizing his ambition. Hence Hitler was determined to tear away the Treaty of Versailles which had imposed humiliating restrictions upon Germany, and to make her a power to reckon with. His first significant step in this direction was to withdraw from the Disarmament Conference and to announce a program of conscription. Next he left the League of Nations and openly flouted it by occupying the demilitarized Rhineland. England, France tamely acquiesced in this violation of treaty obligation and so Hitler was encouraged to take larger risks. The Phony War-the events of Europe especially the civil war associated with Spain prove beyond doubt that the shadow of Fascism was falling across Europe, long before the actual outbreak of World War II. The Spanish civil war which broke out in 1936 was an event of utmost importance. It has been aptly called the ‘Little World War’ because it involved all other powers. The Spanish civil war was a prelude to World War II. In Spain, Italy and Germany is defiance of the principal ‘Collective Security’ undermined a democratic government and Britain and France demonstrated a complete callousness which resulted in the victory of Fascism in Spain. The outcome of Spanish Civil War foreshadowed that, in future, Fascisms might apply the same tactics on a bigger scale. The smoldering discontent against monarchy forced Alfonzo XIII of Spain to leave the country in April 1931. Immediately afterwards President Zamora declared Spain to be republic. In Spain the extreme republicans started anti-clerical riots and centrifugal tendencies demonstrated themselves in the attempt to establish autonomy in Catalonia and certain other provinces. The election of the Constitutional Assembly on June 28, 1931, showed a definite landslide for republicanism and in the Cortes the socialists with 117 seats became the largest single group. Spain adopted a radical republican constitution based on German, Soviet and Mexican model with a president and a cabinet responsible to the Cortes. The Church was deprived of its hold over education and civil liberties were guaranteed. Expropriation of the large landed estates proceeded apace. Most of these reforms were carried out by the radical minister Manuel Asana. In the election of 1933 the Asana government fell the Cortes was dominated by a moderate coalition ministry which did not enforce the laws against landed estates and church. Premier Lerroux tried to establish a pro-Fascist government and suppressed the radical opposition. President Zamora now dissolved the Cortes and ordered fresh election in 1936. In the election of February, 1936, the popular Front parties composed to republicans’ socialists and communists secured 258 seats and the right parties 215. Asana became the president and Santiago Cascaras Quiroga became the Premier. The government had to face immediate opposition from unruly groups like Spanish Phalanx and the Army. The attempt of the Government to steer a middle course failed to quell disturbances and the Fascists after careful preparation staged a military revolt on June 18. Military revolts took place in a number of garrison towns in Spain and Spanish Morocco. During the Spanish imbroglio Hitler had learnt all he needed about the weakness of the victors of Versailles. He had found that this intervention in Spain had not met with any resistance from the powers and so he was emboldened to embark upon a policy of naked aggression. He turned his attention to Austria whose union with Germany had been expressly prohibitive by the treaty of Versailles. He encouraged Nazi agitation within Austria, bullied the Austrian chancellor into appointing a Nazi minister and forced him to agree to conduct foreign affairs as Germany’s dictator. Germany and Italy were naturally interested in installing a Fascist power in Spain. The Salazar government of Portugal saw in the radical republic the germs of Bolshevik state and activity aided and abetted in its downfall. Italy and Germany saw in the rise of a Fascist Spain great advantage to their cause. Ideologically the adherence of Spain would help the spread of Fascism and materially it would weaken France increase the possibility of exploiting Spanish mines and raw materials in a future war against democracies and strengthen the hold of Italy in the Western Mediterranean. The Labor opposition strongly urged help to Government legally constituted. But Stanley Baldwin and even Churchill, who opposed the Nazi aggression on every other issue, felt that nothing could be done for helping the Republicans. The behavior of the French government during this period was an enigma to the rest of the world. The Republic was in dire need of more arms but contrary to all expectations the French Popular Front government prohibited all export of arms to Spain on July 25, 1936. This was a violation of an earlier agreement whereby France had undertaken to supply arms to Spain. The British government was steering a middle course. It was unwilling to alienate Italy whose friendship was earnestly sought for as a counterpoise to Nazi Germany. When Blum suggested the formation of a Committee of Non-Intervention it was welcomed. This committee was formed in August 1936, with twenty seven nations. The purpose of the committee was to enforce the agreement reached among powers to hold a ring around Spanish Civil War so that others might not be involved in it and to prevent any military aid on either side. The Fascists power had no intention of letting down Franco and while Britain and France meticulously applied the principle of non-intervention to prohibit export arms to Spain, the rebels received planes, munitions and men from Germany, Italy and Portugal. Thus while the legitimate government of Spain was deprived of all aids from outside and ran short of the sinews of war, in the name of non-intervention, the rebels secured active foreign aid. The League Council passed a resolution in May 1936, and directed all other states not to intervene in the Spanish Civil war. The Fascist powers were now free to act as they liked Spain. Men and arms poured to the rebels while the legitimate government suffered from lack of supply due to the intervention of the Committee of Non-intervention. The dubious role of the Non-Intervention Committee merely provided a shield for Fascist aggression in Spain. Italy and Germany were allowed to strike another blow at the democracies. Next in 1938 he poured troops into Austria and incorporated it in Nazi empire. Till now Italy had been the most effective protector of Austria, but she was now busy with her own acts of aggression in Abyssinia and so did not interfere with a fellow aggressor. The ease with which Hitler had annexed Austria whetted his territorial appetite and encouraged him to further acts of aggression (Paul 59). Czechoslovakia an artificial creation of the peace treaties contained a considerable element of German population. Hitler first began a ‘war of nerves’ by a bombardment of accusation, abuse and menaces and then declared that his patience had been exhausted. He peremptorily demanded that Sudetenland which was predominantly inhabited by the Germans should be ceded to the Reich and that he would take it by force it peaceful means failed. At that time, Chamberlain, the British Prime Minister, tried to persuade Hitler to resist himself. Soon the Munich Pact was signed by the Big Powers and they intended to satisfy Hitler by giving him Sudetenland of Czech-Slovakia. As Fleming observes, â€Å"Nations have often being conquered by enemies, but never before a proud and worthy people been bludgeoned into submission by its own allies† (Fleming 56). Thus, Hitler was encouraged to proceed towards Poland and soon the crisis further aggravated. Original of world war II- having taken Memel Hitler began to mature plans for an assault upon Poland. He demanded the Danzig should be incorporated in the German Reich and the Polish Corridor should be ceded to Germany. This was the last straw. Chamberlain gave up his policy of appeasement and announced that in the event of an aggression on Poland, Great Britain would come to the rescue the Polish government. Thus, when Germany attacked Poland, the Second World War broke out, because Britain and France now realized that the policy of appeasement ended in a fiasco (Ray 112). So long, Hitler had intended to neutralize Britain and had signed a non-aggression Pact with Soviet Russia. Naturally, he thought that now he would find little resistance against his plan of occupying the Polish Corridor. In fact, he desired to localize the the Polish war on which he had set his heart. To isolate Poland, Hitler now attempted to win Great Britain. In a message, delivered verbally to the British Ambassador, Sir Neville Henderson, he expressed his desire to solve in his own way the question of Polish Corridor and Danzig, but at the same time, he pledged himself for the continuance of British Empire. He even expressed his readiness to render German assistance, if required, to Britain. On August 28, the British Government proposed direct negotiation for resolving the differences between Poland and Germany. Hitler in reply demanded that Warsaw should send an emissary with full powers to negotiate with German government. The proposal had no chance of being accepted and the British government in reply sent a counter-proposal of a restoration of normal contact. It was presented by Neville Henderson to Foreign Minister Ribbentrop on August 30. On September 1, the German army marched into the Polish territory to execute ‘Case White’. A last-minute effort for peace by Mussolini failed and the Anglo-French Powers declared war on Germany on September 3, 1939. Conclusion Thus, the outbreak of the Second World War was not at all a surprising affair. In fact, the Big Powers pursued different policies in self interest and when their unity was badly needed, they differed with from one another. Soviet Russia alone emphasized on the policy of a united stand, because it believed in the doctrine ‘peace is indivisible’. However, the capitalist countries like Britain and France talked with it for common safety but, in reality, they adopted a half-hearted policy. While France was directly involved in a rivalry with Germany, Britain intended to keep a safe distance. As Winston Churchill, the former British Prime Minister, held â€Å"Clemenceau or Poincare would have left Mr. Baldwin no option† (Churchill 154). In other words, France intended to fight against German militarism, but Chamberlain was not ready to join it. America was outside the league at that time, and hence, it had no responsibility to prevent the Global War. The Spanish Civil War and the weakness of France actually encouraged Hitler to continue his aggressive policy (Fleming, The Origin of the Cold War, 62). Moreover, Italy and Japan were longing for some territorial advantage against the wishes of the Western Powers. In such circumstances, a Global War was the only inevitability.

The Evolution of the Graphic Industry Essay Example for Free

The Evolution of the Graphic Industry Essay The development and continuous improvement of technology has incessantly provided new professional fields that emerged to cater to the intensification brought about by the web explosion and digital breakthroughs in the industry. The creative spectrum in the graphic industry has open doors to a large number of occupations which careers may in some way or another extend beyond one particular expertise. Visual communication is the medium used by the artists to provide people the distinction between graphic design, fine art and even advertising art. Different industries that make use of visual tools most of the time utilize almost the same theories, principles, practices, languages and even elements in delivering their client’s needs. The book â€Å"A history of graphic design† conveys that the industry’s main essence is to provide arrangement to information, form to designs, feelings and expressions to a work of art which primary output is the documentation of human experience (Meggs, 1983). The graphic industry’s professional fields have high-racketed immensely that make way to the diversity of graphic designing jobs. The workforce in the graphic design business which holds the management related roles are creative directors, art directors and art production managers. Hands-on designers in the fields are logo designers, brand identity developers, visual image developers, illustrators, content developers, multimedia developer, visual journalists and layout artists. The web explosion and advancement opened its doors to interface layout artists and web designers usually employed by web development companies. Web design may entail collaboration of graphic designers and software engineers. Programmers are also in demand in the field of web development to provide their expertise in doing advance coding. Web masters are positions that specialize in both programming and web design. While traditional graphic design and interactive design both adhere to provide better physical facade, the two have distinguished characteristics from the other. At all times, traditional graphic design’s main purpose is to carry out an attractive application of an object. It is relatively eye-catching and bold. The layout of this kind of design deals primarily with the style treatment and array of a print’s content. The interactive design on the other hand, is mainly the design used in appliances, machines, CD software applications, mobile communications, computers and even websites which focus intensively on the user interaction and experience. It aims to proficiently deliver to a user an interaction that is both efficient and simple. Interactive design is also referred to as user-centered design. Traditional graphic design is utilized to please the eyes of each and every observer. It is highly used in logo design whereas it uses a process of sketching through thumbnails and rough drafts prior to hybrid process (Gregory 48). Interactive design process balances the visual elements with regards to the operational mode and the functionality of the system to make it usable and make it easily adjust to the user’s changing requirements and needs. Interactive design is widely used in the web. Web page designs give the internet users an active role in accessing what they need online. The more user-friendly a site is the more it is visited. The interactive design reflects lucid pathways to the information, products and tools a user necessitates. Design is fundamental to the success of most services and products released by a company. Both the graphic and the interactive design of a product and affect the consumer experience which directly and enormously affects the business success or failure. The profound impact of design is apparent as dictated by the developments in technology. Works Cited Gregory Thomas, How to Design Logos, Symbols and Icons: 24 Internationally Renowned Studios Reveal How They Develop Trademarks for Print and New Media, April 2003, pp:48 Meggs, Philip B. , A history of graphic design. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1983

Histidine Synthesis: An Overview of Research

Histidine Synthesis: An Overview of Research Histidine Synthesis Kathryn McCallister The study of the biosynthetic pathway leading to synthesis of the amino acid histidine in prokaryotes and lower eukaryotes was begun more than 40 years ago and has resulted in the unraveling of many fundamental mechanisms of biology (1). With this it can be assumed that much of the pathway is known or is in the process of becoming known. What is to be discussed is the pathway itself, which has been studied extensively in E. coli and S. typhimurium. While many may not understand why this pathway is important in the body it should not be understated that this is a very important pathway. Histidine is an essential amino acid. Histidine metabolism has been extensively researched and many articles have been published about the numerous effects of having deficient or excessive histidine in the blood. This paper will go over the flow of the pathway in detail from the beginning to the end result, Histidine. Histidine is something that is very important in the human body and this will be rev ealed later in the paper. Now the portion of the pathway to be discussed is the portion in which Histidine is made into Carnosine. Now in order to discuss this portion of the pathway we must first find out how we make Histidine in the first place. This pathway also occurs in prokaryotes which are the main organism in which this pathway has been studied. The disease that we will be focusing on is Carnosinemia. This disease is caused by a deficient amount of histidine in the body. Lastly we will discuss the prevalence of this disease in society and how this could potentially affect the population in the future. The histidine system is an important system in the body. It has also helped with other theories. The histidine system was of the utmost importance in the definition and refinement of the operon theory (1). In order to understand this theory you first must understand what an operon is. An operon contains a group of genes that code for enzymes involved in a metabolic pathway (2). This is very important in the processes of the organism. The operon helps the cell conserve energy. The operon theory was first proposed by the French microbiologist Franà §ois Jacob and Jacques Monod in the early 1960s (2). While this seems irrelevant in fact, it has been calculated that 41 ATP molecules are sacrificed for each histidine molecule made (1). With that kind of energy needed it’s no wonder that the majority of Histidine comes from diet. Histidine is a costly amino acid to produce, so in order for the body to maintain itself it has to be able to take Histidine from the food in which we eat . If enough of this amino acid is not taken in then it could potentially cause problems. Histidine is one of the most important substances in the body only because it can be converted into other things one of which is really important in the body, haemoglobin. Furthermore, it is involved in various metabolic reactions and hence ensures indirectly the oxygen supply to all the organs and tissues (3). Without oxygen the body would eventually begin to shut down. In particular, in the well-known yeast S. cerevisiae, the seven genes responsible for the biosynthesis of histidine are located on six different chromosomes (1). Now this is very different than in Archaebacteria. The his genes in archaebacterial are less well known than in eubacteria; only three his genes have been recognized in just four species, three of them belonging to the genus Methanococcus and one to Halobacterium (1). This is interesting since there are seven genes. The demonstration that hisI and hisE is, in fact, a single gene (now hisI) brought the genes to eight and the steps to 10 (1). Quickly covering these steps is no easy task, but below is an attempt to do so. The first reaction in histidine biosynthesis is the condensation of ATP and 5-phophoribosyl 1-pyrophosphate (PRPP) to form N’-5’-phosphoribosyl-ATP (PRATP) (1). This key reaction is involved in feedback inhibition. The second step in histidine biosynthesis is the condensation of PRATP into PRAMP. From PRAMP the synthesis produces BBMII. The fourth step of the pathway is an internal redox reaction, also known as Amadori rearrangement, involving the isomerization of the aminoaldose 5’-ProFAR to the aminoketose N’-[(5’-phosphoribulosyl)-formimino]-5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-ribonucleotide (5’-PRFAR or BBMIII) (1). This is then synthesized into imidazole-glycerol-phosphate, also known as IGP. AICAR, which is produced in the reaction catalyzed by the IGP synthase, is recycled into the de novo purine biosynthetic pathway (1). From there it is dehydrated and the resulting enol is ketonized nonenzymatically to imidazole-acetol-phosphate (IAP) (1). The seventh step of this pathway is a reversible one in which IAP is involved. The reaction leads to the production of ÃŽ ±-ketoglutarate and L-histidinol-phosphate (HOL-P) (1). From there it loses the phosphate and becomes L-histidinol (HOL). HOL is oxidized and becomes L-histidinal, which is an unstable portion of the pathway. From there it proceeds to histidine by way of a transferase, or in other words it moves the intermediate to another site on the chain. Nevertheless, the two initial substrates of histidine biosynthesis, PRPP and ATP, play a key role in intermediate and energetic metabolism and link this pathway to the biosynthesis of purines, pyrimidines, pyridine nucleotide, folates, and tryptophan (1). Klem and Davisson found that the protein encoded by the hisF gene has an ammoni-dependent activity that is responsible for the conversion of PRFAR to AICAR and IFP, while the product of the hisH gene had no detectable catalytic properties. However, in combination, the two proteins were able to carry out the reaction in the presence of glutamine as a nitrogen donor without releasing any free metabolic intermediate (1). Final identification was generally achieved from DNA and protein sequence comparison with the E. coli counterparts, assuming, as it is widely accepted, the the biosynthetic pathway is fundamentally the same in all organisms (1). This later may be associated with dietary factors, since it is known that histidinuria may be present after a heavy protein meal especially in children; it is also increased during pregnancy and at the beginning of the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle (9). This is interesting to note because this study was done in 1962 ns was based on a urine analysis of the mentally defective population of Northern Ireland. This study proposed that there were approximately 4,000 people under the care of the Northern Ireland Hospitals Authority during this study. In the 2,081 urines examined there were two cases of very severe generalized aminoaciduria and 36 cases of moderate severity; these latter are of ‘central cluster’ pattern involving glycine, serine, alanine, glutamine and/or glutamic acid, histidine, threonine and sometimes taurine (9). While these numbers may seem insignificant when you take that throughout the whole population who may not know that they have a deficiency, t he numbers translate to 1.8% of the population. It is appreciated that many of the above amino-acidurias may have a metabolic basis quite unrelated to mental retardation, and it is hoped to study these cases in detail (9). This is later confirmed by further testing. The portion of the pathway that will be discussed is from Histidine to Carnosine. This may seem unrelated but Carnosinemia is caused by a lack of Histidine because it is partially made up of Histidine. Without Histidine there can be no Carnosine made. One of the genes that have recently been linked to diabetic nephropathy is Carnosine dipeptidase-1 (6). This is just one of the problems that carnosinemia could potentially cause in the human body. In humans, circulating Carnosine is readily degraded by the highly active serum carnosinase enzyme, which is secreted from the liver into the plasma (6). Without Carnosine this enzyme isn’t able to function properly. Carnosinase is a true dipeptidase and this was discovered in an experiment that was published in 1985. Human tissue carnosinase (EC 3.4.13.3) had optimum activity at pH 9.5 and was a cysteine peptidase, being activated by dithiothreitol and inhibited by p-hydroxymercuribenzoate (7). While pH may be manipulated in a lab, ou r body adjusts our pH everyday on a cellular level in order to work at maximum capacity at all times. Carnosine could hold the potential to protect type 2 diabetics from some of the complications associated with nerve damage. From these genetic data in human patients, it was hypothesized that L-Carnosine serum levels are associated with the risk for late complications of diabetic disease and that L-Carnosine acts as a protective factor (6). This is interesting to note since most symptoms associated with low amino acid levels involve some sort of nerve problem. The researchers hypothesized that L-Carnosine may be a protective factor when it comes to diabetic patients and their potential nerve problems associated with type 2 diabetes. In the results they found that mice that were supplemented with L-Carnosine had later onset diabetes and was much milder than anticipated. Their conclusion was that hCN1-dependent susceptibility to diabetic nephropathy may at least in part be mediated by altered glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetic patients (6). It has been found that Carnosine not only protects against type 2 diabetes but also with LDL and high cholesterol. In an experiment published in 2007 it was found that Carnosine was able to lower LDL without the dangerous accumulation of cholesterol that many drugs on the market cause. The key finding of the current study is that Carnosine and its constituents are effective at equimolar concentrations to the modifying agent, out data suggests that Carnosine and its constituents may serve as effective scavengers of carbonyl compounds and inhibitors of protein glycation in vivo, and as potential therapeutic agents to inhibit diabetes-induced atherosclerosis. (5). That is why Carnosine is so important in the human body. Now managing this disease isn’t as simple as just ingesting more histidine or Carnosine. There is no known cure for carnosinemia. They are still trying to figure out what causes carnosinemia. The signs and symptoms of carnosinemia are: aminoaciduria, cognitive impairment, developmental regress, EEG abnormality, seizures, autosomal recessive inheritance, carnosinuria, generalized myoclonic seizures, and intellectual disability (12). Most of the symptoms as stated have to do with the brain and its functions, and this is very similar to a number of other diseases that have to do with amino acid deficiency. Unfortunately as stated there is no known cure or management for this disease. Unfortunately only about 30 cases have been reported to date so not a lot of people even know that this disease exists. So far, all genetically determined diseases due to primarily to an enzyme deficiency are inherited by recessive or sex-linked mechanisms and this rule is holding so well that there is little reason to search for such a cause in conditions showing dominant inheritance (4). Carnosinemia is an autosomal recessive disorder, meaning that both parents have to be carriers in order for the child to be effected. The commonest approach has been to provide a diet deprived of an offending constituent, the greatest experience having been obtained with the treatment by this means of phenylketonuria and galactosaemia (4). When researched no known treatment could be neither found, nor any experimental treatments for this disease. Not enough people suffer from this disease to make experimentation worthwhile for scientists. Dietary restriction is by no means the only approach to therapy and in disorders of many essential amino-acids may not even be feasible (4). Such is the case for carnosinemia and h istidine deficiency. In conclusion, the study of histidine has spanned more than 40 years and is still very much ongoing. The two main study specimens that have been used to study the Histidine pathway are E. coli and S. typhimurium. The pathway is comprised of 10 steps in which it starts at ATP and ends with Histidine. From there is can be transformed into a number of different compounds including Histamine and Haemoglobin. There are seven genes that make up the Histidine pathway and they are located on six different chromosomes in eukaryotes. Histidine intake is mostly dietary because it is so costly for the body to make it. Which is why Histidinuria is found especially in children and pregnant women. They also found the Histidine deficiency can cause many developmental delays, and was found in a some of the mentally challenged people tested in Northern Ireland. Histidine makes up Carnosine in the human body which is very important for those with diabetes. It has been found that Carnosine may have a pr otective factor for those with type 2 diabetes. It may prevent those with type 2 diabetes from developing a severe case of nephropathy. It was also found to help lower LDL without causing cholesterol buildup like some of the drugs on the market today. This is why Carnosine is so important in the human body. Carnosinemia is a very serious disease and there is no known cure or treatment for it. The symptoms of Carnosinemia range from cognitive impairment to seizures. Unfortunately this disease can’t be fixed with diet, and there are no known medications or treatments for this disease. Carnosinemia is a very serious disease caused by a deficiency of Histidine. References Alifano, P.; Fani, R; Lià ², P.; Lazcano, A.; Bazzicalupo, M.; Carlomagno, M. S.; Bruni, C.B. Histidine Biosynthetic Pathway and Genes: Structure, Regulation, and Evolution. Am. Soc. For Microbiology. 1996, Vol. 60, 44-69. Encyclopedia Britannica. Operon. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/429974/operon (accessed Nov 25, 2014). Amino Acid Studies. L-histidine. http://aminoacidstudies.org/l-histidine/ (accessed Nov 25, 2014). Raine, D. N. Management of Inherited Metabolic Disease. British Medical Journal. 1972, Vol.2, 329-336. Rashid, I.; van Reyk, D. M.; Davies, M. J. Carnosine and its constituents inhibit gylcation of low-density lipoproteins that promotes foam cell formation in vitro. Federation of European Biochemical Societies. 2007, 1067-1070. Sauerhofer, S.; Yuan, G.; Braun, G. S.; Deinzer, M.; Neumaier, M.; Gretz, N.; Floege, J.; Kriz, W.; van der Woude, F.; Moeller, M. J. L-Carnosine, a Substrate of Carnosinase-1, Influences Glucose Metabolism. Diabetes. 2007, Vol. 56, 2425-2432 Lenner, J. F.; Pepper, S. C.; Kucera-Orallo, C. M.; George, R. P. Characterization of human tissue carnosinase. Biochem. J. 1985, 653-660. Everaert, I.; Taes, Y.; De Heer, E.; Baelde, H.; Zutinic, A.; Yard, B.; Sauerhofer, S.; Vanhee, L.; Delanghe, J.; Aldini, G.; Derave, W. Low plasma carnosinase activity promotes carnosinemia after Carnosine ingestion in humans. American Physiological Society. 2012, F1537-F1544. Carson, N. A. J.; Neill, D. W. Metabolic Abnormalities Detected in a Survey of Mentally Backward Individuals in Northern Ireland. Archives of Disease in Childhood. 1962, 505-513. Kanehisa Laboratories. Histidine metabolism-Reference pathway. http://www.genome.jp/kegg-bin/show_pathway?org_name=mapmapno=00340mapscale=show_description=hide (accessed Nov 25, 2014). University of Bristol. Histamine in the body. http://www.chm.bris.ac.uk/motm/histamine/jm/body.htm (accessed Nov 25, 2014). National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences. Carnosinemia. http://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/gard/6001/carnosinemia/resources/9 (accessed Nov 30, 2014). Orpha. Prevalence of rare disease: Bibliographic data. Orphanet Series [online] 2014, 8 http://www.orpha.net/orphacom/cahiers/docs/GB/Prevalence_of_rare_diseases_by_alphabetical_list.pdf

Comic Relief Of Hamlet Essay -- essays research papers

A Portrayal of Humor Within the Tragedy of Hamlet How does humor factor into a tragedy? Shakespeare knew the answer to this question and acted upon it quite frequently. Shakespeare has been known to write comedies and tragedies both but this does not qualify him at to not incorporate a little of each into each other. In the work of Hamlet there are many occasions where Shakespeare uses it for different effects. The main reason for the presence of humor within a tragedy is to keep the reader interested. Shakespeare uses many forms of humor including but not limiting wit, pun’s, and casual jokes. In the work of Hamlet, Hamlet is usually the character that Shakespeare chooses to bring out the humor in anything. He becomes a very diverse character in this sense considering he can make a joke out of dead people and even people he kills. Rather a charming person in the face of unpleasant events.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To be able to understand humor, we must accept that we cannot understand all of it. Why something is funny is only determined by the reader and him or herself alone. The smile is the natural expression of the satisfaction that attends the success of any striving. Hamlet often finds humorous occasions especially after he has done something that affects another character. He takes the “inside joke'; to the limits and smiles upon the defeat of his enemies. This is especially true with the relationship between him and his father-by-marriage. Hamlet puts on the play so that he may have a reassurance that his true father was wrongfully killed by his uncle Claudius. Once the play had ended so abruptly Hamlet smiles upon the dismay of Claudius knowing that he has finally found the source of revenge. This is not so much humor in a good since but rather a cynical wit of Hamlet. Because of this sort of wit, Hamlet is considered to be a mentally sick person but Hamlet i s however sane in his actions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hamlet is one to be labeled as a quite witty person. He is rather quick with his words and able to manipulate them is such a fashion to motivate the reader to seek more of this character. Wit becomes a part of him that shows itself more than ever. In a book by the name of The Psychology of Laughter and Comedy, it gives a description of two main species of wit. These are listed as harmless wit and tendency w... ... be mad and Hamlet is really trying to convince her that he is not. He knew what he was saying he just meant for Hamlet to lie his head in her lap during the play.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hamlet is a book that allows the mind to wander and come back again in time to laugh at the frequent moments of humor. Laughter is only as good as the joke being told and Hamlet along with all the other players hold a very important role in keeping the storyline important and alive. There is only one character that seems not to have any humor involved at all. This would be the ghost of Hamlet’s true father. He is very intent with his meanings and has only one mindset. This is to revenge his murder. This kind of an omnipresent being is almost impossible to portray as humorous because it is the one person or thing that contains the entire plot of the book. Hamlet is yet a tragedy but Shakespeare successfully brings humor through the grim walls of a tragedy and allows the reader to manipulate the scene any way he or she wishes. Humor can be manipulated as well with double meanings and different viewpoints upon what is “funny'; and what is not. Comic Relief Of Hamlet Essay -- essays research papers A Portrayal of Humor Within the Tragedy of Hamlet How does humor factor into a tragedy? Shakespeare knew the answer to this question and acted upon it quite frequently. Shakespeare has been known to write comedies and tragedies both but this does not qualify him at to not incorporate a little of each into each other. In the work of Hamlet there are many occasions where Shakespeare uses it for different effects. The main reason for the presence of humor within a tragedy is to keep the reader interested. Shakespeare uses many forms of humor including but not limiting wit, pun’s, and casual jokes. In the work of Hamlet, Hamlet is usually the character that Shakespeare chooses to bring out the humor in anything. He becomes a very diverse character in this sense considering he can make a joke out of dead people and even people he kills. Rather a charming person in the face of unpleasant events.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To be able to understand humor, we must accept that we cannot understand all of it. Why something is funny is only determined by the reader and him or herself alone. The smile is the natural expression of the satisfaction that attends the success of any striving. Hamlet often finds humorous occasions especially after he has done something that affects another character. He takes the “inside joke'; to the limits and smiles upon the defeat of his enemies. This is especially true with the relationship between him and his father-by-marriage. Hamlet puts on the play so that he may have a reassurance that his true father was wrongfully killed by his uncle Claudius. Once the play had ended so abruptly Hamlet smiles upon the dismay of Claudius knowing that he has finally found the source of revenge. This is not so much humor in a good since but rather a cynical wit of Hamlet. Because of this sort of wit, Hamlet is considered to be a mentally sick person but Hamlet i s however sane in his actions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hamlet is one to be labeled as a quite witty person. He is rather quick with his words and able to manipulate them is such a fashion to motivate the reader to seek more of this character. Wit becomes a part of him that shows itself more than ever. In a book by the name of The Psychology of Laughter and Comedy, it gives a description of two main species of wit. These are listed as harmless wit and tendency w... ... be mad and Hamlet is really trying to convince her that he is not. He knew what he was saying he just meant for Hamlet to lie his head in her lap during the play.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hamlet is a book that allows the mind to wander and come back again in time to laugh at the frequent moments of humor. Laughter is only as good as the joke being told and Hamlet along with all the other players hold a very important role in keeping the storyline important and alive. There is only one character that seems not to have any humor involved at all. This would be the ghost of Hamlet’s true father. He is very intent with his meanings and has only one mindset. This is to revenge his murder. This kind of an omnipresent being is almost impossible to portray as humorous because it is the one person or thing that contains the entire plot of the book. Hamlet is yet a tragedy but Shakespeare successfully brings humor through the grim walls of a tragedy and allows the reader to manipulate the scene any way he or she wishes. Humor can be manipulated as well with double meanings and different viewpoints upon what is “funny'; and what is not.

business in asia Essay -- essays research papers

DOING BUSINESS IN SINGAPORE BACKGROUND Founded as a British trading colony in 1819, Singapore joined Malaysia in 1963, but withdrew two years later and gained its independence. It subsequently became one of the world’s most prosperous countries, with strong international trading links, (its port is one of the world’s busiest) and with a per capita GDP above that of the leading nations of Western Europe. Singapore is located in the South-eastern Asia, islands between Malaysia and Indonesia. Because of this strategic location, Singapore has been known as a trading center almost continuously since the 7th Century, when it was a Sumatran seaport called Temasek. Singapore has probably gone through more changes in the last 30 years than any other country in the world. Family life is particularly important to Asians. The socialization of children within the family creates powerful patterns, which will remain with your counterpart for life. You will be dealing with the families of your customers, employees, bankers, and other business counterparts. Singapore was settled originally by male immigrants seeking work. Because they left their extended families behind, most families in Singapore consist of only one or two generations. Today, Singapore is a modern multiracial state. Seventy seven percent of the population is Chinese; fifteen percent is Malay; six percent Indian or Pakistani; and two percent European. Singapore has four official languages: Malay, Mandarin, Tamil, and English. The national language is Malay and English is the primary business language. The three Asian cultures of Singapore, Malay, Indian, and Chinese, have been influenced by Western culture since the arrival of Portuguese traders in the Sixteenth Century. By the time the British dominated the island, some three hundred years later, local Asians were feeling the full brunt of western imperialism. Its aggressive mercantile spirit and confident Christianity left certain marks, such as the use of English for business. GOVERMENT Singapore is one of the world’s few city-states. A city-state is a small self-governed country, primarily dependent upon the commercial activity of a single city. City-states were common in the ancient world and the Middle Ages. Today only a few survive: Monaco, San Marino, and Singapore. The political history of Singapore is closely intertwined with the person o... ...gether with Asian talent, could help solve this problem. Movies could also be made in Mandarin, which is widely spoken throughout North and Southeast Asia. Singapore just launched Channel U, a new television channel in Mandarin, hoping to attract millions of viewers who speak that language. A substantial amount of young viewers in Singapore are bilingual and want more television shows in English and Mandarin, which means this audience would probably embrace movies in either language. Competition in Singapore is scarce. A small company with adequate funding could be able to make movies that appeal to an extensive market. Why do business in Singapore? Singapore is an attractive base for an Asian corporate headquarters because people speak English; it is less costly than Tokyo or Taipei and it does not have the political problems of Hong Kong. Singapore offers manufacturing corporations well-trained labor at reasonable wages. For traders it offers a free port. For international financiers the island provides a location, which bridges the time gap between business hours of major world stock exchanges. Finally, the government actively encourages foreign trade and investment.

Student Council Essay

Thingss were easier when I was younger. I felt more confident. like I could accomplish everything that I want. When I was in high school. I wasn’t portion of the ‘in-crowd’ but I know good plenty that people knew me. I scored good in most of my tests ; I was portion of the Student Council. and the Senior Council. which made me experience of import. During that clip of my life. I had everything planned. I knew what I wanted. I had this thought in my caput of what my life would be when I enter university and what would go on when I finish. Thingss are merely non every bit simple any longer. My friends and I are all in different hamlets. I’m okay with my life. overall. I know that I’m lucky to hold my household and my friends. Compared to other people. I truly have nil to kick about. But in my head. I want a different life. I want more than what I have. There’s got to be something better out at that place for me. something more that will do me more particular and fulfilled alternatively of experiencing like I’m stuck in oblivion. Trying to be honest with myself is non an easy undertaking. because it meant facing my failures and I’m afraid that I won’t be able to suppress the obstructions in front of me and I will populate my life in the out of boundss. observation as other people live their life and achieve things that I want to accomplish. I don’t want that to go on to me. I want to look back in my life and be happy of what I have and non repent that I didn’t have the bravery to seek different things. that I didn’t attempt and purpose higher. So. I am taking this chance to larn and confront my frights. or my obstructions one by one. Baby stairss. as they say. If I want to populate my life the manner I want it to be. I have to get down making something. I merely can’t sit and dream of things I want. I need to get down doing things go on. and I need to gain that I may non be able to hold it all. but I can hold more. if I start making more. Dreaming about the life I want can merely come true if I start to make something about it. I want to read this in 10. 20 and 30 old ages and be proud of what I have accomplished. and non agitate my caput in shame that I ne'er stepped up to do things better for me. If I want to be able to read this paper 30 old ages from now. the first thing I need to make is do certain I become healthy. and remain healthy. I know what to make. but I’ve ne'er gotten about to making anything. I know that I need to exert. and I’ve done it before. I merely ne'er continued on making the right thing. My end for my wellness so is to get down exerting once more. but this clip. I will go on it. Part of my failure I think is that I expect excessively much. when I don’t lose one kg in one hebdomad. I get discouraged. I need to understand that non everyone can lose one kg a hebdomad. I need to accept that I may non lose weight as fast as the others. I need to put ends for myself and non compare myself to others. Above everything else. I need to be realistic that if I am traveling to accomplish this. I need to hold the forbearance and the subject to transport things through. There are many things I can seek to get down this end. I don’t need to pass a batch of money to lose weight. There are many beginnings. particularly on the cyberspace that can assist me make this. Looking about on line. I think I will make a mixture of things. I can get down running. I’ll start little. like running or ramble oning for 10 proceedingss. so after a hebdomad. possibly I can seek for 15. and after another hebdomad I will seek 20. In between running. I will besides seek and raise weights. Like with my running. I will get down little. Above all. I will seek and non be unrealistic of what I can accomplish. Eating a healthy diet will now be a portion of my new modus operandi. I will eat more veggies and fruits and less debris nutrient. I will imbibe more H2O and less soft drink. I don’t know if it will of all time be possible for me to wholly cut out soft drinks. but I will seek and cut it down. This maybe a harder end to accomplish. but as my program with everything else. I will get down little and non anticipate miracles. What I will make is eat three types of fruits a twenty-four hours at least. They can all be different. or the same. but I will take to eat fruit every twenty-four hours. I will besides do certain I have more veggies. It will non be easy. but if I want to be healthy. eating healthy would necessitate to be portion of my program. The lone thing that would do it easier is that I do non hold to give up intoxicant or coffin nails as I do non like them. Because I do non smoke or imbibe. I do non hold to worry about giving up this dependence. particularly smoking as I heard it is a hard wont to interrupt. The following thing I am reflecting on is my household. I am non as good of a kid as I should be to my parents and to my sister. I need to lend more around the house and non allow them make everything for me. This should be the most simple of all my ends. truly. I can get down in my sleeping room by doing certain it is ever clean and I put off my books. my apparels and everything else where they belong. I will brush the floor and do certain the furniture in my room is non gathering dust. Outside of my room. I will brush the floor and aid with the wash. My female parent is acquiring old. and I know that it is non that easy for her to make the cookery and the cleansing so I will assist her. This is likely be a good clip to advert that I truly can’t cook that good. My female parent can look at our icebox. take out a few veggies and she will be able to feed us that tastes as if she followed a formula. To this twenty-four hours. I don’t cognize how she does it. but I will get down larning how. There are many things I can make around the house to do things better for my parents. and they are truly simple. It will take attempt on my portion. but I know I can make them. I’ve done them before. and I merely don’t like making them. I’ve ne'er asked. but I’m reasonably certain my female parent does non like making everything on her ain either. but she does them. and she may call on the carpet us a few times. but she still does them for us. It’s about clip I do the same for her. I don’t want to be a load to my parents. I want them to see that I can take attention of myself. and that I can take attention of them. Thinking about it. this portion of my end is so easy to accomplish. I can better my life by merely remaining inside the house. Possibly I merely spent excessively much clip dreaming of what could be that I can’t see that the life I want can get down at place. in my really ain room. I don’t have to travel really far to make my ends. It starts at place. if I fail this. so how can I travel frontward? The more I think about it. the more I know I can’t fail. This is about like a trial to see if I can be to the full independent and be able to take attention of people that will be dependent to me. My household is of import to me. and I want to be able to demo them that. and be able to do them experience that. Helping around the house is such a simple construct. and when I think about it. it comes down to being responsible. and I need to take up some duty inside the house. Speaking of being responsible. another trait I need to develop is to be responsible when it comes to money. There are so many things that I want. but don’t truly necessitate. I have a new phone that I use now. I have approximately five old phones that still work. but they’re non the latest. so I kept on replacing them. My old phone still works merely all right. but I wanted one with the GPS. with the cyberspace connexion. I wanted a smart phone. Do I necessitate it? No. But I brought it anyhow because everyone I know has one. If I didn’t purchase this new phone. I’d have more money in the bank. Although. I truly don’t have much in the bank as I should hold. Traveling on vacations. purchasing new things and traveling out with friends is merely more gratifying than seting money in the bank. The latest GFC ( Global Financial Crisis ) nevertheless has gotten me believing. including that Ponzi strategy. I need to do certain I’m smart about my ain money. This will be my hereafter when I am old and non working. I merely can’t trust anyone with what I’ve earned. Reading approximately good educated people losing their nest eggs because they handed it over to person else is a lesson that people need to larn. If it sounds excessively good. it likely is. I don’t want to be 60 or 70 looking at an empty bank history because I handed my money over to person who promised to do me more money. To get down. I truly should halt disbursement on points that I don’t truly necessitate. This end can bind up with my earlier ends. If I buy fruits and veggies and non debris nutrient. I am bound to salvage more money. If I stay at place and go responsible for the house chores. I will non be outside disbursement money on things I truly don’t demand. There are so many enticements to give up though. When I am surrounded by people with all the latest appliances. from their newest phone to the iPad. I keep believing that I want it excessively. I can afford it. so why non? Alternatively of giving into enticement. this clip. I will take a measure back and think of the five phones. one iPod. and one camera. All in good status but non being used because I wanted the latest theoretical account. If I want to hold a good quality of life and non trust on authorities manus outs when I am old. I need to get down doing alterations now. Like my wellness. it is an investing for my hereafter. it is something that merely I have control over. and non even my parents and my friends can assist me if I don’t start economy now. My wellness. my household and my nest eggs program are things I have control over. This following end is a spot trickier. I’m barely the following Donald Trump. and I don’t want to be. I need to get down taking stairss to do certain I’m in a calling that I like. that I can larn from and develop further. There’s traveling to be a batch of bumps in the signifier of rejections headed my manner. but I won’t allow it halt me. There’s merely so much control I have when it comes to my calling. I can use and use and non acquire a occupation. I may non give up. but this route is traveling to be rough. Possibly that’s what I need to make my overall finish of holding a much more fulfilling life. It may be difficult. but I’m really looking frontward to the challenge. At this minute in my life. I need to acquire my pes in the door. I know that one time I’m in. I’d be able to voyage myself better. do more informed determinations. It’s different one time you are ready to work compared to when you were still a kid thought of what you want to make. The older you get. the more experience you get. you either go determined to prosecute your end. or to prosecute another avenue. I had a friend who was determined to go a attorney and revolved her life into doing certain she becomes one. She now works as a journalist and is wholly happy where she is. It wasn’t because she failed at jurisprudence. once she was at that place. she realised it’s different from what she envisioned when she was a kid. I wanted to be many things when I was younger that I don’t even retrieve what I truly want. I want to do certain I don’t acquire into a calling that I will detest and pass the following half of my life suffering. Wherever I end up in. I will larn from the people I work with. my higher-ups and develop my accomplishments. Sooner or subsequently. I will do a move. and I need to be certain that I know what I’m making and that I will be ready for any new challenges or any effects of my actions. This country of my life is such a fuzz at the minute. and I’d instead play it safe than take a hazard. This country of my life has so many factors to see. and the merely other country of my life that is even more of a fuzz. is my love life. which is presently non-existent. There. I said it. I have no love life. Depending on my temper. I don’t attention. There are times when I wish I was with person. and there are times when I am glad that I’m non. I would ne'er of all time admit it out loud. but there’s a portion of me that wants it more and more. Among my friends. there are merely three of us that are individual. and I know that figure will shortly diminish. I don’t precisely know how love tantrums in the expansive strategy of things when it comes to my life. I mean. I know I can’t unrecorded without the love of my household or my friends. but the love of a spouse. is likely more negotiable. I can’t unrecorded without good wellness. I can’t unrecorded without my household. and I can’t survive without nest eggs and a calling. but a love life? I think I can populate without it. The inquiry so becomes. make I desire to? Like I said. I have my minutes. Sometimes I want to be with person. sometimes I don’t. I don’t even know why I think this is a capable worth mentioning in my pursuit to hold the life I want to populate if I’m so baffled by it. When I was younger. I don’t even retrieve desiring a hubby with two childs and a white lookout fencing. When I was younger. I wanted a fabulous flat in the metropolis on the upper floors so I can watch the metropolis visible radiations from my balcony. At this really minute nevertheless. believing about this peculiar topic. what do I want from a spouse? I want him to be smart ; I want him to be amusing. loyal and respectful. I don’t even have a ‘type’ . I don’t care what nationality he is. or what color his hair or his eyes are. If I have to depict him in a physical sense. so I want him to be tall. I don’t know why. Possibly it’s the girly-girl in me who wants person she can tilt on. I truly don’t know. The whole construct confuses me. After reading through what I wrote. I’m really rather aroused and more optimistic. seting it on paper makes it more existent. more possible to accomplish my ends. I watched the film â€Å"Invictus† . and reminded me of a quotation mark in the film that I believe fits this undertaking. The line came from a verse form of the same rubric by William Ernest Henley: â€Å"I am the maestro of my destiny ; I am the captain of my psyche. † I can’t think of anything else that fits this undertaking absolutely. I know that I am the lone 1 who can compose this. I am besides the lone 1 that can do things go on in my life. I have a long route in front of me. and I will be ready to do that journey. When I read this once more in the hereafter. no affair how long that is. I want this paper to be the testament of my beginning. and I can so compose my ain stoping.

Making a Difference through Charity Works

We are all aware that not all people are the same. Although some may say that all people are equal, we can’t still deny the fact that some are just too lucky while others are not. Some have more than enough foods served in their dining table three times a day while others consider themselves fortunate already if they get to eat at least once a day. Some can afford to go to expensive private schools to study while others cannot study even in public schools where tuition fee is free. Some can enjoy the luxury and comfort of a big and fully air-conditioned house while others sleep on dirty and cold sidewalks. These situations are just some realities that cause people to doubt if equality really exists on earth. However, if we look at its brighter side, these situations will make us realize how blessed we are. These will make us think that we should be very thankful that we can eat at least three times a day, that we can afford to go to school and to get the best education that we deserve, and that we can sleep comfortably on our own home. And because we are blessed with these things, we must give back to other people who are less fortunate than us. It takes a caring and special person to undertake charity work, as it takes that same special character to make charity donations. Charity work can be a long, hard and sometimes laborious task. However, it is highly rewarding for the individual doing it and the recipient of the benefits. Charitable works for me can be best defined as the willingness of an individual to provide as many smiles on as many faces as he/she could imagine. Charity is a global act and is not confined to a certain nation, people or a country. It is an act of gratitude and support to those who need help, keeping in mind that earth is one small village. Above all, charity should not be an ostentatious display of wealth. Although it is an act of kindness, it could lose power when it is more concerned about hogging media glare than lending support to the needy and desperate. Charity could also mean love. I believe that the root of charity is love, love for our fellowmen and love for God. Anybody can be an active part of a charity work. It can be you or me or our neighbors. The fulfillment anybody can feel through helping others is incomparable. And I do believe that we can make a difference through participating actively on charity works. I am only one and I know I can’t change the world alone but if I can convince you, my friends, your friends, and our friends’ friends to be more responsible in giving back to our community, for sure we can make a big difference. Charitable work, in its simplest form therefore, is helping one another and the community as a whole.

What is Valium?

Valium, also known as diazepam, belongs to a group of prescription drugs called benzodiazaines. Valium is used to control agitation due to withdrawals for people suffering from alcoholism. It is also used to relieve muscle spasms, anxiety, and seizures. Diazepam comes in a tablet, a capsule, and liquid to take by mouth. It may be taken with or without food, 1-4 times a day and you must follow the prescription directions carefully. The Diazepam concentrate comes with a dropper, and it must be diluted with water, juice, or carbonated beverages. Some people mix it in applesauce or pudding before taking it. Diazepam may be addicting so doctors recommend that you do not take bigger doses than prescribed, and that you do not stop the medication all of a sudden because it may lead to withdrawals such as anxiousness, irritability, and sleeplessness. Before taking Valium you should tell your doctor and pharmacist if you are allergic to diazepam, alprazolam (Xanax), chlordiazepoxide (Librium, Librax), clonazepam (Klonopin), clorazepate (Tranxene), estazolam (ProSom), flurazepam (Dalmane), lorazepam (Ativan), oxazepam (Serax), prazepam (Centrax), temazepam (Restoril), triazolam (Halcion), or any other drugs. People who have myasthenia gravis, severe liver disease, narrow-angle glaucoma, a severe breathing problem, asthma, epilepsy, a history of mental illness, drug or alcohol addiction, suicidal thoughts or behavior, should not take Valium. FDA recommends that a pregnant woman should not take Valium because it may harm the unborn baby. If a woman becomes pregnant while taking Valium, she must tell her doctor because Valium may cause low blood pressure, breathing problems, or addiction and withdrawal symptoms in a newborn baby if the mother takes the medication during pregnancy. Diazepam can pass into the breastmilk and harm the baby while breastfeeding. Sedative effects of Valium may last longer in older adults, and accidental falls occur more in elderly patients who take it. Any one on this medication should not drive or operate heavy machinery while under the influence of Valium. This medicine is not to be given to a child younger than 6 months old because it affects the chemicals in the brain that may become unbalanced and cause anxiety. Taking alcohol while on Valium can add to the drowsiness caused by this drug, and cigarettes may decrease its effectiveness. Side effects are common and sometimes obvious. They may include drowsiness, dizziness, lethargy, gait problems, mental confusion, vertigo, and impaired vision. If restlessness, constipation, difficult or frequent urination, or blurred vision are severe and don’t go away, you should contact your doctor immediately. If you experience seizures, shuffling walk, fever, difficulty breathing or swallowing, you should call your doctor and let him know. In case of an overdose you should call your local poison control center. If the victim is passed out or has stopped breathing, call 911. Do not let anyone else take your medications, and keep it stored out of reach of children. References Gerada C, Ashworth M.. ( 2003 August). Addiction Search. In Valium addiction, treatment, and withdrawal. Retrieved 4/20/2012, from http://www.addictionsearch.com/treatment_articles/article/valium-addiction-treatment-and-withdrawal_19.html. Omudhome Ogbru, PharmD . (1996-2012). MedicineNet.com. In diazepam, Valium. Retrieved April 30, 2012, from http://www.medicinenet.com/diazepam/article.htm.

Compare Contrast Essay on the book Lizard

There are two types’ lovers-defeated lovers and victorious lovers. But the reality is there is neither victory nor defeat in love. Only permanent effort and loyalty is the basis of eternal love. Let me explain this with an example: The full moon is shining in the sky. It’s full-moon day. Seeing the beauty of the moon, a tempest rises in the ocean beneath. The ocean, in an effort to reach the moon, sends the roaring waves one after another. But alas, can the waves reach the moon, howsoever big they may be! Can the moon ever come down to the earth, whatever is the intensity of the wish! Seeing the plight of the ocean and the moon, a small twinkling star says to itself. Alas! I am but a little star. What can I do for the ocean and the moon? I shall only pray God–let the space in between the ocean and the moons unite them! –So, the waves continue to lash at the vacant space with the hope of reaching the moon. However, the reality is, the cosmos in which the moon and the ocean co-exist, is an integrated whole. So, what do the concepts like separation and distance mean? The ocean and the moon stand united as considered from a higher perspective. Their love stands fructified. You are the creator of your destiny related to your love-life, certainly not the victim. Love is to be lived and experienced in its trials, tribulations, duty and beauty and it is an import part of your self-discovery. Nevertheless, the ocean continues with its efforts to reach the moon. I have chosen the stories, â€Å"Newly Wed,† and â€Å"Lizard† for the purpose of this essay. The writings of Banana touch your heart and appeal to your emotions. Love is the subject that has enchanted and engulfed humanity since time immemorial. The mind-level problems related to love, either take you to the transcendental level, or to an emotional intrigue. For the desperate situation of the heart, one seeks desperate remedies. In the confused state of mind, one surrenders to magic-for example, the enigmatic healer Lizard. The sacred texts proclaim every action (good or bad) has a reaction and the intensity of the reaction is in proportion to the intensity of the action! Every thought, good or evil, is an action. Over this, there is no dispute between the spiritualists and the scientists. One of the rare agreements between the two contending forces; the two opposing forces! The forces that do not normally see eye to eye with each other! Love is not a homogenous force. The psychic circuit of each lover is different and special. The skill of the writer in the story Lizard is how the emotional complexities are tackled. Through the confusion, she strikes a reassuring clarity. Life hurts but her characters have the guts to accept that hurt with courage. In such situations they never tremble or tumble. They are able to find a solution through the medium of love coupled with spiritual solace. Lizard: This is a story from a male perspective. He calls his beloved a Lizard, for she has a small tattoo on her inner thigh. That the man has seen the tattoo in that part, speaks about the obvious relationship. The man is fascinated by the superlative talent the Lizard possesses. Some quotes to highlight her latent qualities and ingenuity: â€Å"I was reminded of her separateness, a being with different organs, bundled in a different sheath of skin, who has dreams at night that are nothing like my own.†Ã¢â‚¬â€the man explains how he sees the Lizard. â€Å"Her profile stood out in sharp relief against the white wall. She seemed like a creature of a different species, one who lives quietly in the dark†Ã¢â‚¬â€this is his observation about the Lizard. â€Å"Her every gesture, every move, brought life to me, a man who had been dormant for so long†.-the man shares his feelings how the Lizard has affected him. These are clearly the signs of man who is in deep love. Oh! Man-love once, before seeking liberation through spirituality! You are the part of the never ending long story through the ages-it is between him and her! The central character of the story is a doctor, who works with children who are emotionally disturbed.   Ã‚  He loves a young woman in whose reptile eyes â€Å"I see my own lonely face, peering down, looking for something to love and cherish. †As a child she had a bitter experience of witnessing a brutal attack. Rightly she becomes an acupuncture practitioner now dedicated to healing those in acute pain. But she can never forget her past. Her love tells her a similar experience, which reduces her mental anguish. He offers her the psychological support; otherwise she is a tough woman. Newlywed: This story has a strange history. It was serialized on posters on the railways around Japan. It makes the issue interesting.   It is about a strange woman that a newly married man meets in the train. This is also a story written from a male perspective. The man’s encounter on a train with a stranger who reveals to him a universal life force that encompasses even â€Å"the slight feeling of alienation he experiences in his marriage â€Å" That young man is reluctantly returning home on the subway to his new and frightening role as husband! Along the way, he meets a mysterious stranger who shows him that the role he has chosen is a positive one. â€Å"The prose is as clean and smooth as a lacquered teacup,† Geraldine Sherman claimed in the Toronto Globe and Mail, speaking about the quality of writing of Banana. That drunken man, discontented, on his way home sits fixed to his subway seat. He doesn’t wish to return to his silly and troublesome wife.   He's joined by a familiar Japanese character, The Trickster, an old man who transforms himself into a beautiful, wise woman â€Å"smelling like the scent of a place, before I was born, where all the primal emotions, love and hate, blended in the air.† This mysterious fellow-traveler understands the narrator's innermost thoughts and gives him the courage to carry out his duties. The undercurrent of both the above stories is love. â€Å"They (the scientists) may cross the moon, beat the stars, but probe they must the mystery of my eve’s gaze.† â€Å"Marriage is like a fort. Those who are within, wish to come out. (Newly Wed) Those who are out, wish to get in.† (Lizard) In both the stories, the human emotions are tackled at heir best. Conclusion: Love woks through different layers of an individual’s personality. Its intensity changes with the time and circumstances. Banana has ably pictured this dominant human emotion, appropriate to the situation. ‘Loving’ situations are gift of the God to the one who is experiencing them. Let it be a beautiful experience- Banana propounds this love-philosophy in her unique style. She is a capable narrator many dimensions of love. ============