Sunday, December 15, 2019
Media influence in Vietnam Free Essays
Media influence in Vietnam BY jetports In the sassââ¬â¢s the US was pushed Into a large scale Involvement In the crisis in Vietnam. This crisis called for thousands of men to be called to duty for the greater good of democracy. While the war was taking place nearly 8,000 miles off the US shores, it was also unfolding in front of the eyes of the US citizen on national television. We will write a custom essay sample on Media influence in Vietnam or any similar topic only for you Order Now For the first time in warfare, the outcome of what unfolded on television instead of what unfolded on the battlefield played a larger role in determining the victor than the opposing force. This is the first but in no way the last time that media ill have a determining effect on the outcome of the war. Many people question the true effect that the US media had on the outcome of the war because they donââ¬â¢t realize how much of the war the American public was truly seeing. As the war was beginning to unfold, the average American family was centered around the television. Families back home could sit in front of the TV at any time they desired and see a whole days worth of fighting. At the height of escalation, Robert Elegant served as foreign correspondent for Newsweek. ââ¬Å"War has always been beastly, but the Vietnam war was the first war exposed to television cameras and seen in rustically every home, often In Miming color. Not surprisingly this close-up view of devastation and suffering, repeated daily, strengthened the growing desire for peaceâ⬠l. Through his own personal experience, Robert saw firsthand the effects of media on the war. By seeing this daily occurrence of media coverage, him and many others can agree that it is to blame for US defeat. At the beginning of the war United States reporters and correspondents set out on relaying American progress in Vietnam back to the homegrown. As the war continued, attempting to send good news home showed to be nearly Impossible. Even with the Increase of media coverage, the U. S. Reporters werenââ¬â¢t even able to accomplish what they had originally set out to do in the first place, instead they practically diminished what little support remained. If anything what they accomplished was the exact opposite of what they set out to do. As Robert Eleganceââ¬â¢s corresponding continued, much of what he and other reporters captured stayed the same. ââ¬Å"The best of their reporting accurately conveyed the horror of war. â⬠The news that would reach the living rooms of Americans everywhere would be the news of loss and tragedy In the Jungles of Vietnam. In a time when President Johnson needed public support the most he lost it, thus creating a war on two fronts, one against the Vietnamese, and the other against his own people. With a war for public support beginning, President Johnson and many other prominent United States political figures were beginning to worry. Johnson knew that if he was to lose all of his public support then he would surely lose the war. George Moss, a professor at City college, has a much different viewpoint on the effect of media. Moss believes that the media had no effect on the outcome, the main cause for the loss was distrust n Johnson. During the Et offensive, much of US public support declined. ââ¬Å"Many Americans had turned against the war and had distrusted Johnson long before Etâ⬠al. Before the Et offensive had occurred, public support was rather high but once the war had heightened in the late sassââ¬â¢s Johnson had begin to see his lack of support. Mossââ¬â¢ theory that distrust In Johnson had caused the US defeat In Vietnam Is quickly which is simply the misinterpretation of facts and use of devastating footage. ââ¬Å"Wars have been badly reported in the past. Facts have been MIS-stated, and their interpretation has been biased. Emotions have been deliberately inflamed, and the reporters have ridden to fame on waves of misinterpretation. But never before war coming from the media, the loss of public support can be directly related to the coverage from reporters and correspondents. Many people may say that the reason that Vietnam was lost was because of poor military or political planning when entering Vietnam, without the media however the people would have never seen how much of a devastating impact these flaws caused. ââ¬Å"The United States lost the Vietnam War because flawed political and military strategic thinking had trapped it in a instant stalemate that would never have sustained popular support. This may have been the case, however without the coverage of the media citizens would have had no way of being informed of these flaws and public support may have never diminished because of it. ââ¬Å"At any given moment, a million images were available to the cameraââ¬â¢s lens. â⬠When Americans were able to see what was actually happening in Vietnam because of their half hearted politics and military str ategy. You may be able to argue that the military and political set ups of the war were flawed but they will ultimately trace back to being brought to light by media coverage. How to cite Media influence in Vietnam, Papers
Saturday, December 7, 2019
Effective Information Security for Small & Medium Enterprises
Question: Discuss about theEffective Information Security for Small Medium Enterprises. Answer: Introduction The SMEs organisation focus on the information technology and the networks for proper operation of the business activities. It includes the requirements that needs to make sure about the security of the system and protection of the data against the security breaches. The paper reflects on the adequate attention where the survey is related to the responsibility and working over the incidents related to the financial losses in organisation (A Harris et al., 2014). Hence, the risks management strategies are effective for the security and handle the risks as well. IS and Risk Management Strategies for SME The information security works over the threats and vulnerabilities which involves the proper identification, selection and implementation of the countermeasures. They are designed to reduce the identified risks levels with controlling, minimising and eliminating the risks. It works over the assessment where the major disadvantage is about the disruption of the management and employee activities (Soomro et al., 2016). It also includes the analysis of the deficiencies that needs to be assessed with properly understanding the issues related to the culture and the lack of the formal security policies. A small IT staff works with the no security training, scarce investments in the security technology, handling the business continuity or the disaster plans. The time, cost and resource constraints tend to restrict the security efforts and so it is important to work over the legislation and the requirements. Analysis The analysis of the risks assessment for the small and medium enterprise focus on business decisions and the entrepreneurial act. This applies to the categorisation of emergencies under the natural, malicious and the systematic failures of the human system (love et al.,2004). The category involves the crisis relates to the consequences which arise mainly from the competitive system with the management focusing on the lower priority to examine the catastrophic failures with the concentration on the safety and occupational health and hazards. It has been seen that the risks have a major impact on the business entity and the potential that has a major impact on the capital and the earnings. Here, the directions are set to identify the operational risks, financial, organisational and the management risks (Wu et al., 2014). It has been seen that the risks include the identification, quantification and risk evaluation where there is a continuous monitoring of the risks sources as well. The SME works over the share of industrial production and exports where the industrial economy of the country plays a major role to manage the problems of lending to the prime customers. The problems in lending and marketing of products works over the ad-hoc activities where there is a need to work on promoting the products and services. The lack of the latest technology, with modernisation, technology and the quality gradation has a major significance of the growth with industrial sickness. Reflection The SMEs works over the strategic thinking and decision-making process that includes the focus on the administration function where the large firms tend to work over the time pressure and access to the suitable guidance. I think the notification is about the belief and the attitudes which can improve the force with high degree of uncertainty to make the decisions. Here, the risks are also related to work over the attributes with less formal business planning and focusing over the entrepreneurial risks taking process (Ernest Chang et al., 2006). The business planning needs the improvement and work over the network capabilities that play major role towards the systematic processes and improving the current planning with SME (Peltier, 2016). According to me, it works towards the awareness through proper training and development where there is a need to assist the organisations to improve the experience of the owner manager and access to the information sources as well. It has been seen that the concern is about the few respondents and the business culture which is averse of the entrepreneurial risks (Smit et al, 2012). Conclusion The investigation is mainly about the security issues which could be avoidable with the result of not performing a risk analysis. The publications clearly define about the cost of cybercrime in the small firms with a proper clean up and recovery from it (Wynarczyk et al., 2016). The recognition of the constraints is mainly related to the expertise, awareness, and the budget where it is difficult to see how the SME will be able to improve the situations with the different approaches. References Harris, M. and P. Patten, K., 2014. Mobile device security considerations for small-and medium-sized enterprise business mobility.Information Management Computer Security,22(1), pp.97-114. Ernest Chang, S. and Ho, C.B., 2006. Organizational factors to the effectiveness of implementing information security management.Industrial Management Data Systems,106(3), pp.345-361. Love, P.E., Irani, Z. and Edwards, D.J., 2004. Industry-centric benchmarking of information technology benefits, costs and risks for small-to-medium sized enterprises in construction.Automation in construction,13(4), pp.507-524. Peltier, T.R., 2016.Information Security Policies, Procedures, and Standards: guidelines for effective information security management. CRC Press. Smit, Y. and Watkins, J.A., 2012. A literature review of small and medium enterprises (SME) risk management practices in South Africa.African Journal of Business Management,6(21), p.6324. Soomro, Z.A., Shah, M.H. and Ahmed, J., 2016. Information security management needs more holistic approach: A literature review.International Journal of Information Management,36(2), pp.215-225. Wu, D.D., Chen, S.H. and Olson, D.L., 2014. Business intelligence in risk management: Some recent progresses.Information Sciences,256, pp.1-7. Wynarczyk, P., Watson, R., Storey, D.J., Short, H. and Keasey, K., 2016.Managerial labour markets in small and medium-sized enterprises. Routledge.
Friday, November 29, 2019
By Comparing Silas Marner and Godfrey Cass, consider George Eliots presentation of fatherhood in Silas Marner Essay Example
By Comparing Silas Marner and Godfrey Cass, consider George Eliots presentation of fatherhood in Silas Marner Paper There are many similarities between Silas Marner and George Eliots own life. Both she and Marner discovered happiness again when they were middle aged; Marner was given Eppie and found love and trust once more through her. Just like Eliot found love with Lewes. Silas Marner was written in the Victorian era a time where class was a very big factor in life lower classes were not supposed to stand up to the upper classes. However at the end of the book Marner stands up to Godfrey Cass and speaks his mind. Eliot in relation to fatherhood believed in the remedial influence of pure, natural human relations, Godfrey Cass is the absolute contrast to this idea unlike Marner who loves Eppie with all his heart even though she is not his own child. Also like Marner Eliot was not accepted into the community as she lived with a married man but once she moved out of his home and got married she was accepted again, Marner made his way back into the community by Eppie. Moreover Charles Darwins discoveries of the evolution of man affected the way Eliot wrote the book as Darwin was one of the first people who questioned God; this is reflected in the book when Marner turned his back on God. George Eliot uses Silas Marner and Godfrey Cass as symbols to air current views at that time. By using Marner and Godfrey Cass she can openly express her views of fatherhood as a reflection of duty, by writing this book it is one of the only ways she can express herself, as she was a women. We will write a custom essay sample on By Comparing Silas Marner and Godfrey Cass, consider George Eliots presentation of fatherhood in Silas Marner specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on By Comparing Silas Marner and Godfrey Cass, consider George Eliots presentation of fatherhood in Silas Marner specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on By Comparing Silas Marner and Godfrey Cass, consider George Eliots presentation of fatherhood in Silas Marner specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Being a woman in the late 1800s and early 1900s meant that you were thought of as being lesser and only needed for producing and raising an heir. Eliot uses two different spectrums of fatherhood; there is Silas Marner who is the adoptive father of Eppie however he loves her more than anything in his life my precious child. He brings her up as a model child. In contrast there is Godfrey Cass, who is the paternal father of Eppie, but he passes at the chance to look after her and to be a proper father when Molly Farren dies. He does this because he is afraid that Nancy Lammeter would not marry him also he feels that a child would be a burden to his lifestyle. He is an example of a father who only wants the child when it suits himself: thus making the reader question whether he is fit enough to be a father and even the morality of his character. Eliot firsts presents Silas Marner as being a person that likes routine, his daily routine present hardly any change he wants everything to be the same. He does this because of the wrong doing that was done against him before he came to Raveloe he was tricked and betrayed, therefore if he now he keeps everything the same no one can come in and trick him again. Eliot also wanted our first impressions of Silas Marner being a sort of recluse, he didnt mix with the community he sought no man or women moreover did not have a normal job. It that time in the rural villages most people were farmers- so a weaver was something out of the ordinary. Marner doesnt like to open his door to anyone he invited no comer to step across his door-sill. This is because his most trusted and cherished friend, William Dane, who was faultless, betrayed him, before this Marner would have done anything for him. We learn a little bit later of his love of the money that he has earned over the years. The money has taken over his life, work sixteen hours a day I do not think it is greed but is something stable that he thought could not be taken away from him he also views it as his only friend, he drew them out to enjoy their companionship. At this point it seems to the reader that Silas Marner would prefer the company of his money then friends. However we do have to remember how he was deceived and how everything he knew was taken from him. George Eliot makes us sympathise with Silas Marner as not only did he get his fiance finished their engagement and married best friend but also he was rejected out of the church by drawing lots. He did not do anything to deserve any of this. George Eliot decides to tell the reader about this before she tells us about Marner and his money. This is because we can see how Marner was prior to him having his life destroyed and before he became he curled into himself. Therefore the reader can understand why Marner is like he is in the rest of the book until Eppie is sent to him. Godfrey Cass is like Marner in as much as he is also a loner in some cases, he has his brother, Dunstan Cass, blackmailing him Youll get the hundred pounds for me Godfrey Cass is not strong enough to stand up to Dunsey. Moreover Godfrey Cass has married a woman from another village, Molly Farren, who is a drunken wife. The fact that Godfrey Cass is married it means that he cannot mix with or marry Nancy Lammeter. Being married to Molly Farren has excluded Godfrey Cass from the community in more ways than one; whenever he talks to people he always has a worry in the back of his mind that someone knows or is going to find out about his wife. Also because he actually never wanted to marry Molly Farren he does not have a loving relationship with her he would sooner die than acknowledge her as his wife. His brother tricked Godfrey Cass into marrying her and Dunstan is now using this against Godfrey Cass as Dunstan could tell their father I might get you turned out of house and home. Godfrey is well respected in the community a fine good-natured young man but they are worried that he will turn out like Dunsey a gambler. Eliot makes us sympathise with Godfrey Cass as well as Silas Marner, he did bring his misfortunes upon his self as Dunstan Cass may have tricked him into marrying Molly Farren but it was Godfrey was the one who said I do and signed the papers. He does get what he deserved from marrying Molly Farren and not owning up to the fact that Eppie is his daughter. When Godfrey Cass and his brother are talking in front of the fire Eliots tone is quite sarcastic when Dunstan is talking. Well, master Godfrey he has no respect for his older brother and knows that he can manipulate Godfrey into doing what he wants. Fireplaces make a room warm and cosy, but Godfrey Cass has his back to the fire like he does not want its warmth and does not want to really be in there with Dunstan. The Cass family is damaged they are missing a women around the house the squires wife had died Godfrey is missing love and care which he probably got from his mother, and it does not seem like his father has taken over the role of looking after his children properly. Silas Marner lets Eppie make her own decisions at the end of the book when Godfrey Cass comes to claim Eppie as his own Marner lets her decided where she whether to stay or go. Speak to the child. He knows he might loose her but still gives her a choice. Godfrey Cass although not actually looking after Eppie he still cared about her and I think is why he wanted her back at the end. When he first gave her up he was only thinking of himself however, when he lets Eppie stay with Marner he does it out of love and wanting her to be happy. Parents should also be able to talk with their child and understand their problems to try and help the child with them. Marner seems to care more about Eppie more then Cass snatch her up and cover her with half-sobbing kisses. Even though Eppie has just run away Marner does not shout at her but is only happy to see her. We do not know however, that this is the case as Godfrey Cass has never actually had the chance of bringing Eppie up and showing her his love, so one does not know whether he would act like this or not. Squire Cass does not hold many of the qualities that it takes to bring up a child. He just sees them as heirs to carry on his name and not as actual people, ill turn the pack of you out of the house together, and marry again. He doesnt realise that everyone makes mistakes and that a parent should forgive them. When Godfrey Cass and Squire Cass are talking in the breakfast room we do feel sorry for Godfrey as the Squire does not talk kindly to him youve been up to some trick, the Squire has no understanding of Godfrey as he just wants to know where his money has gone you let Dunsey have the money?. Eliot also makes the reader sympathize with Godfrey at this point as he seems so scared of his father sir Im very sorry I he speaks very slowly as he doesnt quite know how to say it, or it could be that he is not sure how his father will react and doesnt know whether he should tell him. The Cass house hold never seems very warm and family like the Red House was without wholesome love this is because Squires wife had died but the Squire should have taken up the responsi bility of keeping the home loving, he seems to have shut away his children like he doesnt know them properly. Dunstan (Godfrey Cass brother) steals Marners money near the beginning of the novel. Then another relative of Godfrey appears; Eppie, his daughter. Eppie is accepted by Marner which is ironic as this family are the ones bringing strife to his life. It is no surprise that Godfrey takes little responsibility for his child until the end of the book as we know as readers that his father offered him little love. Godfrey does not claim Eppie to be his he does still seem to love her a conflict of regret and joy Godfrey, in some ways does want to care about her, yet his own happiness is more important to him than his child. There is a complete contrast between Marners attitudes towards the child and Godfreys. Marner loves and accepts Eppie as his own while Godfrey does not even acknowledge her. Once again highlighting Eliots presentation of good fatherhood by Silas Marner, On the other hand in Marners early experiences with bringing Eppie up the reader can tell how much he loves and cares for her. Shell be my little un he wants Eppie to think of him as her father and not anyone else, I think he has missed being loved and trusted. Moreover unlike Godfrey Cass Marner is overjoyed when Eppie is sent to him and jumps at the chance to look after her. Marner does try to do the best for Eppie punishment was good for Eppie. This was when Eppie takes the scissors and cuts her own ribbon that is tying her to Silas Marners loom. Once Marner finds her gone he is frantic with worry looking with dying hope. Once Silas found her he was not angry with her but quite the opposite overcome with convulsive joy. He did put her into the coal hole once his worry had passed. This didnt work as Eppie thought it was a game and went into it again on her own accord Eppie in the toal-hole. I think that George Eliot chooses to keep Nancy and Godfrey Cass childless as it gives Godfrey his just deserts from abandoning Eppie when she was a baby and when he mother died, and Eliot kept Nancy childless as it mirrored her own life, Eliot did not have any children of her own but supported her partner Lewes when they were ill, Nancy does not look after anyone elses child but does support Godfrey Cass when he goes to claim Eppie. When Eppie chooses Marner over Godfrey Cass I think Eliot is being a moralist as she has left Eppie to stay with Marner because he has stood up to his betters and has already had his life ruined once before and without Eppie he would be nothing. Marner lets Eppie choose whether to go with Godfrey or not I dont think this is so much Eliot standing up for women here but Eliot wanting to show how strong Silas Marners love for Eppie is that if she wanted to go with Godfrey Cass then he would have let her. Todays world has changed immensely from when George Eliot wrote her book but she does still have a relevance to todays parenting. We now have far more adoptive parents who love their children so much sometimes more than the maternity parents. She also raises some valuable points about how to parent; its not how much money you have or what class your in but how much you care and love your child. The roles of the modern mother and father have changed there is not as much discipline or respect around for your parents in most cases. Even though Eppie did not see Godfrey Cass as her father he did come clean about it and try and make it up to her, but once she said she wanted to stay with Marner he was heartbroken but still let her go, which is the same thing that Marner did before letting her make her own decision; both Marner and Godfrey Cass recognised what is best for Eppie. So in conclusion I think we can learn a lot from parenting from not only George Eliot but her characters Godfrey Cass and Silas Marner.
Monday, November 25, 2019
Should You Take the New SAT or Old SAT An Expert Guide
Should You Take the New SAT or Old SAT An Expert Guide SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips You might have heard over the last year that a new version of the SAT is coming out in spring of 2016. You might have a choice between taking the current old SAT or the new SAT depending on when you time your test. You're probably wondering, "when should I take the SAT?" Well, here's our definitive guide. Note: The old SAT is no longer available. If you took the previous version and aren't sure whether to take the new one, check out our guides to deciding, depending on whether you got ahigh scoreor a low one. Year Graduating High School Which SAT You Should Take 2016 or before Old (current) SAT for sure 2017 Old SAT recommended 2018 New SAT recommended 2019 or later New SAT for sure You Should DefinitelyTake the Old SAT If... You are a high school student graduating 2016, 2015, or 2014. (Remember that the old SAT is mandatory until March 2016, so if you're graduating in 2014 or 2015, you won't even have a choice.) If you're graduating in 2016, then March or later of senior year is generally way too late to take the SAT for most college admissions. Even if you're considering a late senior year test date, there are lots of reasons not to the reasons are much the same as for the class of 2017 but even more urgent. You Should Try to Take the Old SAT If... You're a high school student graduating in 2017. The reasons the Class of 2017 should take the old SAT are not obvious at first glance, but are clear if you think hard about it. After all, the last time you might have to take the old SAT is January 2016, which might be the last time the old SAT is given. That's the middle of junior year a little too early? I don't think so. Those in the Class of 2017 taking the SAT should definitely read this guide specifically written for that year to see which SAT they should take. You Should Tryto Take the New SAT If... You plan to graduate high school in 2018. The decision is easier for you than the class of 2017. January 2016, the purported last day the old SAT will be given, is only in the middle of your sophomore year.You'll get better and smarter as you age, and you don't want to be pinned down by a score you get while you're so young. Most of the concerns for the class one year before yours won't apply to you: by the time you take the SAT mid-junior year, the new test will have been out for a year, so everyone will know what it looks like by then, and how to prep for it. You won't have to wait too long to take the new SAT, and you'll have many shots at it. How should you prepare then? Just as the Class of 2017 should sway a bit earlier to catch the old SAT safely, you should sway a bit later to catch the new SAT safely. Plan to start prepping in January of 2017. The new SAT will have been out for about a year and prep strategies will be quite mature by then. Take your first SAT in March 2017, and you'll have quite a few more shots at it if you don't like your score. You Should DefinitelyTake the New SAT... If you plan to graduate high school in 2019 or afterwards. Unless you plan to take your final SAT freshman year, which is strongly discouraged, since your skills still have a lot of room to grow. What's Next? Class of 2017 Special Guide: Current SAT or Revised SAT? A Breakdown of the New SAT: An Expert Guide Why the New SAT Won't Revolutionize the Test Start Improving Your SAT Score Today:
Friday, November 22, 2019
Speech Class Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1
Speech Class - Essay Example The smoke-free laws are based on the rationale that it is fundamental to protect people from the effects of second-hand smoke and such people run the risk of diseases such as heart disease, cancer, emphysema etc. The strong evidences of the link between passive smoking and lung cancer remind everyone about the importance of controls over smoking in public places. According to Michael Calnan, ââ¬Å"Control over smoking in public places has become of increasing importance as a measure which governments might adopt, mainly because of the attention given to the increasingly strong evidence of a link between passive smoking and lung cancer than CHD. Certainly, it is a measure that might be favored by those who place great emphasis on the freedom of the individual and who are antagonistic towards more direct government intervention through fiscal policy or controls on tobacco promotion.â⬠(Calnan, 56) Therefore, I strongly believe that smoking in public places must be checked by stro nger governmental intervention considering the facts that it is highly harmful for non-smokers, it causes pollution of the public places, and it is a strong case of violation against individual liberty. Smoking in public places should be prohibited, because such practices illustrate strong cases of violation against individual liberty, and the public smokers not only challenges the health issues of the people around, but also the basic freedom of human beings to live a healthy life. Whereas there are already strong oppositions against such practices, I feel there should be stronger activities to counter these practices of apparent violation of basic human rights. The regulatory activities to limit smoking in public places have been on a tide over the past few decades which include a variety of both public and private sector initiatives. ââ¬Å"More recently, antismoking efforts have been fueled by growing evidence of adverse
Wednesday, November 20, 2019
Electrical and Electronic Engineering laboratory logbook and report Essay
Electrical and Electronic Engineering laboratory logbook and report - Essay Example This arrangement determines the direction of conventional current or electron flow and the polarities of any voltages applied. Concerning the direction of conventional current flow, the arrow at the emitter terminal of the transistor representation for both types of transistors points towards the direction of conventional current flow and therefore offers an important reference. The methods of determining the type of transistor and material used to make it are demonstrated in this experiment including how to identify the three terminals of a transistor (Gates 2012). Transistors are categorized according to: type (PNP or NPN); material used (silicon or germanium); and major application (high frequency, switching or high and low power). Most transistors are labeled with a number used to identify them. They are packaged into different sizes and configurations depending on application requirements. Transistor packages protect them, provide a means of making electrical connections to the three terminals, and act as heat sinks preventing heat damage. The relationship between the currents and the voltages related to a transistor under different conditions of operation determine its performance. These relationships are collectively known as the characteristics of the transistors. These characteristics are published by the manufacturer of a particular transistor in a specification sheet that accompanies the device when purchased. One of the objectives of this laboratory experiment is to experimentally measure these characteristics of transistors and compare them to their published values (Kal 2003). A transistor acts as an amplifier; the basic function of the device is to switch a signal or to provide current amplification of the signal. For this purpose to be achieved, the transistor must be correctly biased by external voltages so that the base, emitter, and collector terminals interact in the
Monday, November 18, 2019
International Financial Reporting Standards Assignment
International Financial Reporting Standards - Assignment Example The IASB is responsible for oversight of the IFRS. This agency was formed in 1973 under its former name International Accounting Standards (IAS). The IFRS were created in 2001 (Articlebase, 2008). The first nation to adopt the IFRS framework was the European Union. The countries of Europe adopted IFRS in 2005 (Moya, Perrramon, Constans, 2005). The biggest stock exchange in the European nation is the London Stock Exchange (LSE). All domestic companies must abide by IFRS and U.S. companies that want to list their stocks in the London Stock Exchange must convert their financial statements to IFRS. In U.S. GAAP the financial statements of all companies must follow a specific format, but under IFRS companies can utilize multiple formats for their financial statements. Despite the fact that the IFRS started in Europe, the goal of the IASB is for the IFRS to become the global standard in the accounting community. In a little over a decade the IFRS has penetrated a lot of nations worldwide a lready. There are 153 countries across the world that adopted IFRS which implies that nearly 75% of the world has currently gone through the process of implementing IFRS (Pwc, 2012). The United States is listed as one of the countries that have adopted IFRS, but in reality the U.S is still in a conceptual phase due to the fact the entire financial system of the U.S. is based on U.S. GAAP. It is going to be extremely difficult to convince the entire financial community that convergence into IFRS is in the best interest of the United States. U.S. GAAP is a more complex system that has been used for a longer time. One of the benefits of IFRS is its simplicity. A simpler accounting system can help companies reduce administrative expenses since accounting is a major function that requires a lot of resources. Some people in America have resistance to change because they believe that U.S. GAAP is a superior system that is better equipped to prevent material error and fraudulent activity. T he U.S. GAAP and the IFRS have the same function of recording the financial transactions of companies, but there are lots of differences between the ways financial information are reported in each framework. Under U.S GAAP the valuation of investments is done at the cost of the investment in order to comply with the historical cost principle. The historical cost principle states that all assets in the balance sheet must be recorded at purchase price of the acquisition (Investopedia, 2013). The profits or losses of the investments are only recognized in the accounting books if the investment is sold. In IFRS investments are recorded at fair market value. U.S. GAAP has more information and detail than IFRS. For instance under U.S. GAAP the consolidated financial statements demonstrate financial information regarding the subsidiaries of the company. The IFRS only reports financial activity of the parent company unless the parent company has control over the finances of the subsidiary. Another example of the descriptive nature of U.S GAAP is the policy of reporting detail information about the investments of the firm in the financial statements of the firm. IFRS excludes investment activity from the financial statements. The discrepancies between the two accounting frameworks create inequality in the financial markets because investors are not able to compare the financial statements of U.S. companies vs. foreign firms. In an ideal world everyone would use the
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